Terms Flashcards
(220 cards)
1
Q
Diaphoresis
A
Excessive Sweating
2
Q
Diplopia
A
Double Vision
3
Q
Photophobia
A
Intolerance or pain due to light
4
Q
Tinnitus
A
Ringing in Ears
5
Q
Rhinorrhea
A
Runny Nose
6
Q
Epistaxis
A
Nose Bleed
7
Q
Dysphagia
A
Discomfort when swallowing
8
Q
Palpitations
A
Rapid, strong, irregular or fluttering heartbeat
9
Q
dyspnea
A
shortness of breath
10
Q
Orthopnea
A
dyspnea when laying flat
11
Q
Edema
A
Swelling due to excess fluid collecting in tissue
12
Q
Sputum
A
Phlegm/Mucous
13
Q
Hemoptysis
A
Spitting up blood
14
Q
Emesis
A
Vomiting
15
Q
Hematochezia
A
Bright red blood in stool
16
Q
Melena
A
Dark, tarry stool
17
Q
Dysuria
A
Painful or burning urination
18
Q
Nocturia
A
Waking up to urinate at night
19
Q
Hematuria
A
Blood in urine
20
Q
Myalgias
A
Diffuse muscle pain
21
Q
Parasthesia
A
pins and needs especially in hands and feet
22
Q
syncope/syncopal episode
A
Loss of consciouness or fainting
23
Q
Polyuria
A
Excessive uriniating especially due to poorly controlled diabetes
24
Q
Polydipsia
A
Excessive thirst especially due to poorly controlled diabetes
25
PPD
packs per day
26
cachectic
Patient appears thin. Weakness/wasting due to severe illness
27
Conjunctiva
Mucous membrane that covers the front of eye and lines eyelids
28
Sclera
White part of eye
29
EOMI
Extraocular Movements intact
30
Papilledema
Optic disc swelling due to increased intracranial pressure
31
Fundi
interior lining of eyeball
32
Exopthalmos
Eyes or eyeball potrudes forward in the head
33
Scleral Icterus
Sclera of eye is yellow
34
Nystagmus
Involuntary Eye movement
35
Auricle
External portion of the ear
36
Cerumen
Ear Wax
37
External Ear Canal
Tube from external ear to ear drum
38
Tympanic Membrane
Eardrum
| Eardrum
39
Hemotympanum
Blood in tympanic cavity of middle ear
40
Nares
Nostrils
41
Edentulous
No Teeth
42
Pharynx
Throat
43
Uvula
Structure between tonsils that hangs in back of throat
44
Pharyngeal Erythema
Red throat
45
Tonsillar Exudate
Pus
46
Stridor
Harsh vibrating sound when breathing
47
Thryomegaly
Enlargement of the thyroid
48
Lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes
49
Tachycardia
heart rate above 100bpm
50
bradycardia
heart rate below 60 bpm
51
Ectopy
Extra heart beat outside of normal rhythm. Premature atrial contraction is PAC and premature ventricle contraction is PVC
52
Carotid Bruit
sound hear over carotid artery due to decreased blood flow
53
Dorsalis Pedis Pulse
DP Pulse, Found on top of foot
54
Femoral Pulse
Pulse found in groin
55
Pitting Edema
Indention from pressing stays from some time rated between 1+ and 4+
56
Auscultation
Act of listening to lungs with stethoscope
57
Bibasilar
At base of both lungs
58
Rales
Abnormal breath sound heard with stethoscope
59
Crackles
Abnormal breath sound heard with stethoscope
60
Rhonchi
Abnormal whistling sound heard with stethoscope
61
Accessory Muscle Use
Patients in respiratory distress use neck muscles to breathe. Should be no use in healthy patient.
62
Retractions
Intercostal muscles attached to ribs are sucked sharply inside due to pressure decrease
63
Tripod position or Tripoding
Patient in respiratory distress supports self with arms while sitting
64
Tachypnea
"Ta-chip-nia" Abnormal rapid breathing
65
Percussion
Tapping on chest
66
Umbilicus
Belly Button
67
Periumbilical
Around belly button
68
Epigastric
mid abdomen just above belly button
69
Guarding
tensing of abdomen muscles to protect inflamed organs from pain due to pushing
70
Rebound tenderness
pain upon release of pushing instead of upon pushing
71
Peritoneal signs
Example Guarding and Rebound tenderness. Indicates abnormality with peritoneal cavity (lining of abdomen)
72
Murphy's Sign
When patient cannot inspire while physicians hands are below gallbladder (sign of Cholecystitus)
73
Cholecystitus
Inflammation of the gallbladder
74
McBurney's Point
Point over right side of abdomen about 1/3 distance from iliac crest to belly button and approximately over appendix
75
Obturator sign
Examiner rotates leg and knee. Pain resulting could be appendicitis
76
Psoas's Sign
Patient flexes thigh at hip and pain resulting could be appendicitis
77
Rovsing's Sign
Palpation of LLQ results in pain at RLQ. Indicates Appendicitis
78
Hyperactive Bowel Sounds
Loud bowel sounds
79
Hypoactive Bowel Sounds
Decreased bowel sounds
80
Splenomegaly
Enlarged Spleen
81
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged Liver
82
Hepaosplenomegaly
Enlarged liver and spleen
83
Ascites
Acculmation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity causing swelling
84
Rectal Tone
Tone of muscles controlling rectum
85
Hemorrhoids
Swollen or inflamed veins in rectum and anus that can cause discomfort and bleeding
86
Guaiac Test
A test for invisible amounts of blood in stool
87
Hernia
A bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening
88
Reductible hernia
hernia that can be pushed back into abdomen with manual pressure
89
Incarcerated hernia
Hernia that cannot be pushed back into abdomen with manual pressure
90
Umbilical hernia
Intestines protrude through abdominal muscles at belly button
91
Ingunial
groin region
92
Perineum
Skin between anus and reproductive organs
93
Vaginal Vault
Inside vagina
94
Cervical Os
opening of the cervix
95
Certical Motion Tenderness (CMT)
Patient experiences tenderness around cervix during bimanual pelvic exam
96
Gravid
Pregnant
97
Adnexa
Structure used to connect organs. Typically refers to adnexa of the uterus i.e. the ovaries and fallopian tubes
98
A&Ox3
Alert and orientated. Patient is awake and knowns name, location and date.
99
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
Neurological scale between 3 (deeply unconscious) to 15 (normal state)
100
Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)
Muscle tendon tapped with hammer. Normal reflex is 2+. Weakened it 0 or 1+ and heightened is 3+ or 4+
101
Cranial Nerves
Given Roman Numerals I -XII
102
Ataxia
neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination (example ataxic gait)
103
Hemiparesis
Weakness on one side of body
104
Hemiplegia
Paralysis on one side of body
105
Romberg's test
Patient closes eyes. If they fail to maintain balance than they have a problem with proprioception (ability to know one's body in space)
106
Pronator drift
Inability for patient to hold arms out at shoulder with palms up.
107
Expressive aphasia
Inability for patient to produce language (spoken or written)
108
Dysarthria
Slurred speech
109
Olecranon
Elbow
110
Metacarpophalangeal joint (MPC joint)
Joint between Metacarpals and phalanges of fingers
111
Proximal Interphalangeal joint (PIP Joint)
Joint between first and intermediate fingers
112
Distal Interphalangeal joint (DIP Joint)
Joint between distal phalangeal joint
113
Snuff Box
Triangular deepening of the hand
114
Malleolus
bony prominance of ankle
115
Calcaneus
Heel Bone
116
Above/Below Knee Amputation abbreviations
AKA vs BKA
117
Joint Effusion
Increased intra-articular fluid and swelling commonly involving knee joint
118
Nail Clubbing
deformity of finger and toes
119
No Step Offs
A step off is a slipped vertebrae sticking out of the spine
120
Kyphosis
A forward rounding of the back
121
Spinal Stenosis
Narrowing of spinal canal
122
Foraminal stenosis
Narrowing of passages between each vertebrae where nerves enter/exit
123
Herniated disc
Soft center of spinal disc pushes through exterior casing
124
Straight Leg Raise
Test of herniated disc
125
Sciatica
Low back pain
126
CVA Tenderness
Tenderness in back over kidneys
127
Supple
Neck can be bent and it not stiff
128
Nuchal Rigidity
Neck stiffness
129
Brudzinski's Sign
Test for meningitis. Hips and knees flex when neck is flexed
130
Kernig's sign
Test for meningitis. Severe stiffness of hamstrings
131
Meningismus
Any clinical sign of meningitis.
132
Intercostal space
Space between 2 ribs
133
Crepitus
Grating, crackling, or popping sounds under skin and joints
134
Urticaria
Hives, Skin rash
135
Blanching rash
dissapears when pressed
136
Tinea
ringworm. Contagious fungal infection of skin or scalp
137
Turgor
Skin snaps back to normal elastic position
138
Lesion
wound
139
Laceration
deep wound
140
Abrasion
scrape or scratch
141
Erythema/Erythematous
Redness of skin
142
Purulent
Pus
143
Induration
inflamed and skin feels hard. Means there is no pus
144
Fluctuance
inflamed and skin feels soft when touched
145
Eccymosis
Bruising
146
Cyanosis
blue color of skin
147
Petechiae
skin spots
148
Purpura
Purple spots
149
Hypertension
BP 140/90 or above. Severe is 180/120
150
Hyperlipidema/Dyslipidema/Hypercholesterolema
High Cholesterol
151
Chronic Bronchitis
A COPD where airflow is blocked by mucus.
152
Emysema
A COPD with destruction and enlargement of air spaces
153
Pulmonary Ebolism
Blood clot in lung
154
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Acid reflux
155
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Sore in esophagus, stomach or sm intestine
156
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver damage with scarring
157
Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff)
Inflammation of the colon due to bacteria clostridium difficile. Highly contagious and causes diarrhea
158
Hepatitis A
Viral infection of the liver
159
Hepatitis B
Serious viral infection of the liver
160
Hepatitis C
Viral infection of the liver
161
Crohn's Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
162
Ulcerative Colitis
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease
163
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney due to bacterial infection
164
Nephrolithiasis / Renal Calculi
Kidney stones
165
Bening Prostate Hypertrophy (BPH)
Age-associated enlargement of prostate that can cause urination difficulty
166
cerebrovascular accident
stroke
167
Transient Ischemic Attack
Mini-stroke
168
Bell's palsy
viral weakness of one side of face that resolves in 6 mo
169
Radiculopathy
Compression or inflammation of spinal nerve
170
Osteopenia
Beginning of osteoporosis
171
Metastatic Cancer
Cancer that has spread from point of origin
172
Aneurysm
widening of an artery due to pressure on weakened walls forming a blood sack that may burst
173
Mitral Valve prolapse
impoper closing of mitral valve (LA and LV)
174
Atelectasis
Complete or partial collapse of one lung lobe
175
Cellulitis
Common bacterial skin infection
176
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones
177
Cholecystitis
Gallbladder inflammation
178
Diverticulosis
Bulging pouches develop in digestive tract
179
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of digestive tract
180
Gastritis
Inflammation of stomach lining
181
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)
182
Gastroenteritis
Stomach Flu
183
Pleural Effusion
Buildup of fluid between tissues that line the lungs and chest
184
Pneumothorax
Collapse of lung where air leaks to space between lung and chest wall
185
Hemothorax
blood in lungs
186
Hyperkalemia
High potassium
187
Hyponatremia
Low sodium
188
Menigitis
Inflammation of brain and spinal cord
189
Sinusitis
Sinus infection
190
Strepotoccal Pharyngitis
Strep throat
191
Psoriasis
Scaly skin on head
192
Benign Positional Vertigo
Episodes of dizziness with certain head movements
193
Angia
Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
194
Costochondritis
Inflammation of cartilage between ribs and breastbone
195
Tonsillectomy
Removal of tonsils
196
Adenoidectomy
Removal of adenoid
197
Cardiac Catheterizatioin
Catheter is placed in artery to diagnose heart disease
198
Cardioversion
Converting tachycardia or bradycardia to normal rhythm
199
Cardiac Ablation
catheter is inserted in groin and goes to heart to correct structural problems
200
Lumpectomy
Removal of lump from breast tissue
201
Lobectomy
removal of lung lobe
202
Cholecystectomy
removal of gallbladder
203
Lithotripsy
Treatment using ultrasound shock to break up kidney stone
204
Oophorectomy
Removal of ovaries
205
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Treatment for hydrocephalus where shunt drains excess fluid
206
Arteriovenous Fistula (may also use graft if body doesn't allow fistula)
Creation of abnormal connection between artery and vein for hemodialysis
207
Hemodialysis
Purification of blood for patient whose kidneys are not functional
208
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)
IV line placed outside of body
209
Port-a-Cath
Surgically inserted catheter near clavicle for reagular intravenous application
210
Greenfield Filter
Filter implanted to inferior Vena Cava to hopefully trap blood clots
211
Arthroplasty
Surgical improvement of a joint
212
Surpine
Laying flat on back facing upward
213
Transverse
Line dividing body into upper and lower sections
214
Midline
Divides body into left and right sections
215
Supination
Turning palms of hands upwards
216
Pronation
Turning palms of hands downwards
217
Abduction
A motion where body part goes away from body
218
Adduction
A motion where body part goes towards the body
219
Parietal Region
Top of head
220
Temporal region
Side of head
