Terms Flashcards
(60 cards)
1
Q
visual culture
A
- images from graffiti, film, advertising, internet
- reflects a wide array of artifacts
- print culture (pop culture)
(ex: Mona Lisa, Leonardo / Girl With Balloon, Banksy)
2
Q
renaissance
A
- REBIRTH of learning
- names as ppl gained interest in learning
- states w differing political & cultural characteristics (mainly focused on Ancient greece and rome)
(ex: Leonardo Mona Lisa / Bacchus and Ariadne,
Titian)
3
Q
humanism
A
- represents individual worth and rights (as well as the ability to think, feel, and understand).
- people have the potential to be good
- valued classical cultures
(ex: Leonardo, Vitruvian Man)
4
Q
herringbone construction
A
- structural layers that were supported in weight by the previous layer
(ex: Brunelleschi’s Dome of Florence Cathedral)
5
Q
coffer
A
- square or polygonal ornamental sunken panel used in a decoration for a vault or ceiling
- half material is cut away so it is not as heavy
(ex: Brunelleschi’s Dome of Florence Cathedral)
6
Q
loggia
A
- covered open air gallery used as a corridor between buildings or surrounding a courtyard
(ex: Brunelleschi, Ospedale Degli Innocente/Founding Hospital)
7
Q
facade
A
- 1 exterior side of a building (usually front)
- Medici knocked city blocks down to build Palazzo, renovated existing buildings and incorporated them into new ones
(ex: Michelozzo, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi)
8
Q
rustication
A
- rough / irregular / unfinished effect deliberately created for decorative purposes (in architecture)
- on exterior of a facade of a building or stone wall
(ex: Michelozzo, Palazzo Medici-Raccardi)
9
Q
palazzo
A
- italian for “palace”
- used for a large dwelling
(ex: Michelozzo, Palazzo Medici-Raccardi)
10
Q
niche
A
- decorative recess set into a wall to display a statue or a vase
(ex: Donatello, St. George)
11
Q
contrapposto
A
- parts of body in opposition
- represents engagement, relaxation, confidence, balance, rationality
(ex: Donatello, David)
12
Q
1 point perspective
A
- producing an illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface
- Alberti presented a horizon line where orthogonal lines receded
(ex: Masaccio’s Trinity with the Virgin, St. John the Evangelist + Donors)
13
Q
foreshortening
A
- an illusion usually created on a flat surface where figures appear to recede into space (following rules of 1 point perspective)
Ex: Ducal Palace, Urbino
14
Q
horizon line
A
- horizontal line that runs across a piece to represent viewers eye level (or where the sky meets the ground)
15
Q
orthogonals
A
- lines diagonally drawn along parallel lines that recede to a vanishing point
16
Q
Memento Mori
A
- artistic symbol that reminds us of inevitable death
- symbol of mortality and transience of life
(ex: 4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Albrecht Druer)
17
Q
intuitive perspective
A
- makes space recede and gives an impression of 3D through visual effect alone rather calculated than perspective (rational not mathematical)
(ex: Perugino, The Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter)
18
Q
fresco
A
- wet plaster that is dried, pigment is applied
- pigments are absorbed + fixed into plaster areas architectural space)
(ex: The Last Supper, Da Vinci / School of Athens, Raphael / The Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter, Perugio)
19
Q
tempera
A
- permanent fast-drying paint that consists of coloured pigments mixed w soluble binder medium (egg yolks)
(ex: Francesca, Batista Sforza + Federico Da Montefeltro)
20
Q
diptych:
A
- panels (same size) as a coherent unit, 2 hinged panels (closed like a book)
- meant to be viewed side by side
(ex: Francesca, Batista Sforza + Federico Da Montefeltro)
21
Q
intarsia:
A
- decor composed of wood inlay
- woodworking techniques, different style of wood, using grain + colouring to create variations and pattern
(ex: Maiano, Studiolo of Federico Da Montefeltro)
22
Q
studiolo:
A
- small study /studio
ex: Maiano, Studiolo of Federico Da Montefeltro
23
Q
trompe l’oeil
A
- an object made by intarsia is meant to lead viewers to believe what they see is real
- presents illusion / trick of the eye, perceiving to be 3D
(ex: Ducal Palace, Montegna/ In False Oculus of Vie of the Camera Picta)
24
Q
oculus
A
- circular opening found @ apex of dome, painted details, raised stucco / plaster
(ex: Apollodorus, Pantheon)
25
putti (putto)
- plump notions of innocence + charms that are winged young boys from classical art, christian tradition called cherubs / decorations
(ex: In False Oculus of Vie of the Camera Picta, Ducal Palace, Mantegna)
26
cosmography
- the science that describes the features of the universe
- includes; astronomy, geography, geology, etc.
(ex: Vitruvian Man, Da Vinci)
27
intonaco
- final thin layer of plaster where fresco is painted (italian term)
- wet paint applied to dry fresco
(ex: The Last Supper, Leonardo)
28
chiaroscuro
- the effect of contrast of light and shadow in paint
| ex: Gentileschi, Judith and maidservant with the Head of Holofernes
29
sfumato
- technique allowing tones + colours to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines / hazy forms (smokey look)
30
caryatid
- stone carving of a female figure (icons of athens)
- they hold up floor to take place of pillars
(ex: School of Athens, Raphael)
31
cartoon
- full scale drawings used to transfer a design from one thing to another
(ex: Cartoon for Tapestry Portraying Christ's Charge to Peter, Raphael)
32
pieta
- ('pity' or 'piety')
- a subject in Christian art depicting Virgin Mary cradling Jesus' dead body
Ex: Michelangelo, Pieta
33
lamentation
- when Virgin Mary grieves over Jesus
| Ex: Titian, Pieta; Michelangelo, Pieta
34
undercutting
- technique of creating dark shadows into a material by cutting into it
- used in Baroque time
- proportions may be off as it is supposed to be viewed from a below angle
(ex: David, Michelangelo)
35
history painting
- stories of mythology were used to explore ideas
| ex: Primavera, Boticelli
36
painterly
- paint strokes are visible and achieved through a thicker application of paint
- gives a finished linear look
- paint applied loosely w less control so brush strokes are visible
(ex: Pieta, Titian)
37
cabinet of curiosity:
- collection of objects intended to show friends, scholars, or visitors
- Museum-like, encyclopedic collection of RENAISSANCE time period
(ex: Isabella D’Este curated pieces for her own cabinet of curiosity)
38
iconoclasm
- protest destroyed art as they didn't believe in the act of praying to objects, art, and "false idols"
39
tracery
- embellished churches
- branched lines that were applied to wall or surface
- created intricate designs that allow light to come through
(ex: Church of Saint Maclou, Robin)
40
bravura
- boldness with florid technical display brushwork
- part of the design
- valued technical skill
(ex: Saint Teresa of Avila in Ecstasy, Bernini. (movement in fabric).)
41
predella
- platform (or step) that an altar stands on
- in painting along the frame or bottom of alter piece
(ex: Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece)
42
cross-hatching
- crisscrossing lines to deepen and shade
| ex: Battle of The Sea Gods (Albrecht Drürer)
43
cartellino
- signing in Latin
| ex: Adam and Eve by Drurer, Nymph of Spring
44
nymph
- minor goddesses of nature (less powerful than gods) but still attended Mt. Olympus
- (cloris -> spews flowers from mouth as she flees from zephyr)
(ex: Nymph of the Spring, Lucas Cranach the Elder)
45
vellum
- highly processed animal skin mounted on a card
| ex: Danube Landscape, Albrecht
46
En Plein Air
- painting in the open air
| ex: Danube Landscape, Albrecht
47
triptych
- 3 related panels with art divided across the 3 sections
- can be folded
(ex: Chateau of Chenonceau, Philibert de l'orme)
48
chateau
- french for 'palace', summer home
| ex: chateau of Chenonceau, Philibert de l'orme
49
frieze
- band of painted or sculpted decoration, theme @ work
- above door frame or ceiling
(ex: High Great Chamber / Hardwick Hall, Smythson)
50
dendrochronology
- dating system based on the annual growth rings of trees
| ex: Holbein, The French Ambassadors
51
anamorphic perspective
- a technique that gives a distorted image of the subject represented in a pic when seen from the usual angle but if viewed from another angle normal
- interest to painters of the Northern Renaissance
(ex: The French Ambassadors, Holbein)
52
portrait bust
- a bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human figure from head to shoulders
(ex: The Veiled Nun, Croft)
53
Baroque
- period of artistic style (1600 Rome + Italy) that moved to Europe in the 17th and 18th century
- elaborate + highly detailed
(Ex. David by Bernini)
54
maniera
- mannerism also known as late renaissance. A style in European art that emerged in the later years of Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by abt 1530 + lasting until abt the end of the 16th century in Italy (then Baroque style largely replaced it).
(ex: Entombment)
55
piazza
- means open square in Italian
| ex: Piazza, Vatican
56
colonnades
- in classical architecture, the colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature
- free standing or part of a building
(ex: Courtyard of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Michelozzo)
57
baldachin
- a ceremonial canopy of stone, metal, or fabric over an alter, throne, or doorway
(ex: Baldacchino, Bernini)
58
tenebrism
- (from italian tenebroso) or called dramatic illumination a style of painting using profoundly pronounced chiaroscuro, where violent contrasts of light + dark occurs --> darkness becomes dominating feature of the image
(ex: Caravaggio, The Calling of Saint Matthew)
59
genre paintings
- (also called petit genre)
- depicts aspects of everyday life by portraying ordinary people engaged in common activities
(ex: Soap Bubbles, Chardin)
60
sumptuary laws
- Rules made for the purpose of restraining luxury or extravagance
(ex. Palazzo Medici-Riccardi)
