TERMS Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is railroading?
When a piece of fabric is turned on its side so that the weft runs vertically instead of horizontally. Not all fabric can be railroaded due to the direction the pattern repeat runs.
What is Marmoleum?
It is a brand of linoleum that is made out of wood chips, pine rosin, limestone, jute, pigments, and linseed oil. It is considered very eco-friendly due to the fact it is manufactured with natural materials; and because at the end of its life cycle it is 100% recyclable.
What is stentnering?
It is a finishing process in which fabric is stretched along its width, and held in place at the selvedge by stentner clips or pins. All fabric undergoes stentnering after being woven so that it is able to be rolled evenly onto the roll.
What are some positive attributes of wool?
- it is a natural insulator, and is very warm.
- it is dirt resistant.
- it is flame resistant (due to the lanolin)
- it is water repellant (due to lanolin)
- it is very hard wearing and resilient.
- good sound absorber
- after bleaching, it readily accepts dye and retains colour.
- it is soft and can feel very nice to the touch.
What are negative attributes of wool?
- comparatively expensive
- causes allergic reactions in some people
- will shrink when exposed to heat and moisture
- susceptible to damage from moths
- will fade over time if in direct sunlight
- tends to yellow with age
What are some positive attributes of silk?
- the fibers are long, so it results in a soft fabric
- extremely lightweight but very strong. It has a high tensile strength.
- takes and holds dyes well
- lustrous
- versatile - it can be very smooth or machine woven into fabrics that are very textured (slubby).
What are negative attributes to silk?
- susceptible to marking, insects, and moisture (water marking)
- comparatively expensive
- fades under prolonged UV exposure
- because it’s a natural fiber, it will break down and rot eventually.
How do you calculate the cut length of drapes?
Window height (from floor) + curtain rod/track height from top of window + dimension of header on top of curtain + hem on bottom of curtain
How do you calculate how many cut lengths you need for a window?
Window width + stack back each side of window (300mm or 500mm x2). Multiply this by 2 to accommodate for pleating. Divide this by fabric width (generally 1.4m). Round up to the nearest round number.
Eg. 1600mm + 500mm + 500mm = 2600mm. 2600 x 2 = 5200mm 5.2m/1.4m = 3.71 cut lengths Round 3.71 to 4 cut lengths Therefore, two 1.4m cut lengths sewn together on each side of the window.
What are the curtain header types?
- rod and eyelet
- tab and loop
- French/triple pleat
- Moroccan/inverted pleat
- pencil pleat
- soho pleat
- Dutch/double/twin pleat
- Goblet pleat
- NY/single pleat
What is a pile weave?
It is a form of carpet, characterized by a ‘pile’ - a looped or tufted surface that extends above the foundation of the woven textile.
What are the two types of woven carpet?
Axminster (intricately patterned) and Wilton
What is a loop pile?
It is a carpet where the yarn is woven in such a way that it creates loops. All tufted carpet starts out as loop pile.
What is a twist pile?
It’s a carpet where one or more fibers are twisted in the tufting process, so that in the finished carpet the carpet fibers twist away from one another as opposed to standing perfectly straight.
What is a velvet pile?
It is a type of cut pile carpet where the pile height is shorter and has tighter construction, giving the finished carpet a smooth, plush, velvety appearance.
What is fiber bonded carpet?
It’s carpet where fibers are stuck to a pre-made backing. These can be individual fibers or pushed and pulled into a web. Eg. Carpet tiles.
What are positive attributes of linoleum/marmoleum?
- hypoallergenic
- made from natural materials
- can be recycled at the end of its life cycle
- durable
- easy to clean
- comes in a lot of different colours and finishes
Difference between linoleum and marmoleum?
Linoleum uses adhesives that aren’t considered very “green”. Whereas marmoleum uses adhesives with no solvents added. Furthermore “Marmoleum Click” is a style of marmoleum flooring that doesn’t use any adhesives at all.
What are some positive attributes to linen?
- naturally textured
- generally heavier yarn than cotton, so is therefore stronger
- is pliable
- can be washed/laundered
What are some drawbacks to linen?
- wrinkles/crushes very easily
- absorbs a lot of moisture in a room so will shrink and expand in the course of a day
- dyes well, but printed colour erodes because of the density of the fibers
- can fade and mildew badly
- will rot eventually
- prone to wear because of rubbing
What are some positive attributes of cotton?
- readily accepts dye because it absorbs liquid well
- not affected by rubbing
- easy to wash or clean
- very versatile, can be woven to produce sheer or heavyweight fabrics
- non-allergenic
What are some drawbacks to cotton?
- can mark and wrinkle easily
- will shrink in hot water unless treated
- can mildew and fade badly
- will rot eventually
What is Egyptian cotton?
Egyptian cotton is “long stapled” so it is considered better than regular cotton. A staple is the natural or cut length of a fibre. This affects quality, appearance, and performance.
What is solution dyed?
When dye is introduced to the synthetic fibers (polyester, nylon, acrylic) while it’s still in a liquid stage, so the colour goes all the way through the fibre.
