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Flashcards in Terms and People Deck (33)
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1
Q

Docility

A

One-Michael Foucault’s (philosopher who theorized how power is use for social control) idea of how bodies can be used for a purpose and be trained to be made docile at all times without supervision
Two registrars:
anatomical-metaphysical-bodies manipulated through explanation and instruction
technical-political-bodies manipulated through function/use

2
Q

Free-soilers

A

A political party that opposed extending slavery West and letting slave state join the union
agricultural model-own labor on own farm

3
Q

White supremacy

A

1-belief that the white race is better/superior than other races
2-political ideology that maintains white dominance socially, economically, and politically
3-taken for granted mindset even with free Soilers and abolitionists

4
Q

Patriarchy

A

Social system with male/father is the dominant authority figure and females are subordinates

5
Q

Civilization

A

White, Western, middle-class lifestyle considered “civilized” lifestyle and civilization was where people who lived like this inhabited

6
Q

Underground railroad

A

A network of safe houses and routes made and guided by free/slave blacks and those sympathetic to the cause to guide Slaves into free states

7
Q

Miscegenation

A

Mixing of different races to interracial sex or marriage, also called amalgamation

8
Q

White slavery

A

Pre-Civil War: to become a white slave in this era one had to be physically or socially accepted as a black, so abolitionist, poor Whites, mulattos with black mothers etc.
Jewish crime: when Jewish girls coming from Europe would be coerced by other Jews to join the slave trade and be a sex slave/prostitutes

9
Q

Jewish crime

A

consider Jewish if not crimes against the body, for property or profit, and also a social function in Jewish communities

10
Q

Bootlegging

A

Illegal business of buying/making/distributing etc. alcohol in the age of Prohibition, major industry

11
Q

Racketeering

A
  • Prohibition was the catalyst for racketeering for all the criminals of prohibition to go into another easy industry to make money after the 21st amendment
  • it was levying and collecting tribute by violence intimidation-labor unions and small businesses depended on racketeers to protect businesses and make laborers work
12
Q

Nativism

A

Because of rapid immigration in the early 1900s and the beginning of problems associated with increased influx of people, urbanization, and immigration, Americans blamed the problems on the immigrants which led to increased sense of nativism which is where the dominant culture/inhibiting people of the country interests are favored, associated with Xenophobia

13
Q

Sacramental wine

A

There was a provision in the 18th amendment that let clergy/churches get and give wine for sacramental purposes which lead to corruption in the church/reputation of the church, along with many fake ministers and rabbis

14
Q

Women’s suffrage

A

1-women granted suffrage in 1920 with the 19th amendment
2-Kansas seen as a progressive and democratic because it was the state that helped spearhead this movement
3-according to Oretel, historical pattern that black men get granted rights before women

15
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Heartfelt expression of Jesus Christ and strict literal interpretation of the Bible
In 1910 - 1915 started distributing fundamentals pamphlets of Christianity
Fundamentalists thought religion was getting too secular and forced Christian denominations to choose between fundamentalists or Modernists “against education”

16
Q

Conservatism

A

Political and social philosophy that wants to maintain traditional social order, Kansas after 1930s became known as a state and practiced this
- not necessarily related to Christianity

17
Q

Urbanization

A

Growth of urban areas, especially with the new wave of immigration in 1900s

18
Q

Industrialization

A

Trend at the start of the 20th century along with urbanization and mass immigration

  • Promise of opportunity led to mass immigration (from Europe to US and from Rural US to urban US)
  • Contributed to influx of immigration, rise of Jewish crime, and immigration act of 1924
19
Q

Commerce clause

A

Clause in section 8 of article 1 of the Constitution that gives federal government control over communication, transportation, trade between states, with foreign nations, and with Native American tribes

20
Q

Alcohol on the moral versus practical political issue

A

Prohibition enacted due to idea that it would lead to greater morality and efficiency

  • Idea of morality and politics do to 1910-1915 publication of “the fundamentals” by a group of California Christians
  • Prohibition repealed primarily for economic reasons (also due to less of a perceived relationship between morality and efficiency after Scopes trial)
21
Q

Garment district

A

Major industry in Lower East side-by 1900, New York Jews controlled the New York clothing industry and most were employed in sweatshops, retail stores, etc.
-Easy target for Jewish crime, because of proximity and entanglement with Jewish culture (fencing, theft, burglary, and racketeering tied to garment industry)

22
Q

Indian response to white acculturation

A

Missionary influence:
education-Indian children who attended did so inconsistently
conversion to Christianity
-Intermarriage
-Avoided white labor practices of sending men to work in fields and keeping women in homes
-Tribes who had more experience white society (i.e. Delaware, Shawnee) more likely to negotiate treaties, etc.
-Tribes with less experience (i.e. Sac, Fox) responded with resistance and sometimes violence
-Trade brought whites and Indians together and help for more pleasant relationship)

23
Q

Abolitionists

A

White supremacy taken for granted-freeing the slaves did not make them equal

  • Used idea of white supremacy to argue against slavery:
  • Fear of miscegenation as threat to purity of white race (mixing of races due to rape of black female slaves)
  • Slavery seen as threat to patriarchy (makes white men more feminine and black men more masculine)
  • Slavery brings blacks and whites too close together (live in same house, work same fields, etc.)
24
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

White supremacy:

  • At Beginning of term, believed blacks and whites would not be able to live together
  • Just beginning to consider racial equality at end of presidency due to experiences during war (i.e. black soldiers) and faith
  • main goal = to keep union together, not to say free slaves
  • Lincoln right to sign first draft of 13th amendment, would have made slavery legal constitutionally
25
Q

Waxy Gordon

A
  • Bootlegging (started career as Dopey Benny’s pickpocket, helped Benny with racketeering, and then went into bootlegging business)
  • Began business posing as real estate agent to smuggle liquor from Canada, England, and the west Indies
  • Stopped importing and started to invest in and operate breweries for great economic gain and avoidance of conflict with law
  • Used volstead Act provisions (for “near beer”) to produce a real beer under the guise of manufacturing legal beer
26
Q

Lincoln C Andrews

A
  • wanted to improve poor record of arrests and convictions for the violation of the Prohibition laws
  • End abuses of sacramental wine clause:
    • August 1916
    • voided all Rabbi’s alcohol permits and forced rabbis to reapply to ensure that requests were valid
    • closed wine stores, forcing distribution of sacramental wine to take place only within synagogue or church
    • step up raids against those rabbis who persisted in trading in sacramental wine
27
Q

Dopey Benny

A
  • originally a pickpocket and then pickpocket boss - became racketeer after Protocols of Peace established labor laws (I.e. 50 hour work week) in aftermath of great cloakmakers’ strike of 1910
  • labor racketeering - first to make labor racketeering a full-time and profitable business for self and gang
  • gang was not solely Jewish - enlisted help from gangs throughout city (racketeering less of a “Jewish” crime)
  • different from others before him, because of degree of involvement in Jewish community - make racketeering seem necessary
28
Q

Louis “Lepke” Buchalter and Jake “Gurrah” Shapiro

A

Racketeers mainly in garment industry, but also in trucking, bakery business, and fur trade
- power in trucking business led to greater power in garment industry because of ability to control transportation of goods from contracting, cutting, finishing, and distributing products
- business strengthened by partnering with legitimate businesses
Operated almost exclusively in Jewish community and used knowledge of a jewfish culture to their advantage

29
Q

Herbert Hoover

A
  • president from 1929-1933
  • Vice President, Curtis from KS
  • believed government and economy to be inefficient - continued Prohibition, failed to resurrect economy from Great Depression
30
Q

FDR

A
  • Elected 1932, took office Jan 1933
  • president of the US at the end of the Great Depression and beginning of WWII - prohibition repeal, New Deal, reform efforts
31
Q

Alfred Landon

A
  • Nominated at republican Candidate in 1936
  • highlights differences between the rural US and the Urban US in comparison to FDR - confirms beliefs about rural US being behind the times
32
Q

Arthur Capper

A
  • Republican who served as KS governor from 1915-1919 and on US Senate at height of Republican influence in KS (from 1919-1949)
  • defended KS prohibition for moral and economic reason - signed Bone Dry Law in 1917
  • Capper-Volstead Act of 1922: helped farmers after WWI by exempting some farming practices from antitrust laws
33
Q

The Herbert brothers

A
  • Arthur “tootsie” and Charles = racketeers that gained power in kosher poultry business (local 167 and local 440)
  • successful due to intimidation tactics and success in bargaining- raised incomes, made work weeks shorter, and improved working conditions for Shochtim Union
  • Charges in January 1929 with violating the Sherman antitrust law by creating a poultry trust
    • convicted November - light prison sentence; returned to racketeering
    • convicted again in 1934 for violating antitrust law again (manufacturing of coups and feed)
    • reformed business under local 370 Union