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Music Hist 316 > Terms Final > Flashcards

Terms Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Heiligenstadt Testament

A

Letter to Beethoven’s brothers, never delivered.
Content is about Beethoven going deaf - worried about musical and social consequences.
Contemplated suicide.

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2
Q

Conversation Books

A

Ways that Beethoven communicated - 60 existing.

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3
Q

Beethoven

A

(1770-1827)
Born in Bonn, moved to Vienna to study with Haydn.
Made Money: Composed, taught, performed, and was given a salary by aristocrats.
Music: Explosive, dynamic, long.
Early period - pathetique; classical (ish)
Middle - 3rd; innovative
Late - 9th; extremely experimental

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4
Q

Romanticism

A

1820-1900
A time of emotional expression - expansive ranges in orchestras for pitch and dynamics, national and historical roots emphasized, nature and old composers explored.

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5
Q

Three main performance venues:

A

Concert Hall - many cities established professional orchestras.
Salon (Drawing room.)
Family parlor/living room.

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6
Q

Choral Fantasy

A

An example of Beethoven’s Choral pieces

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7
Q

Schubert

A

(1797-1828)
Started composing around 12 - wrote an insane number of works, including over 600 Lieder. Was originally a teacher at his father’s school.
His music had expressive melodies, lots of thirds, and major - parallel minor transitions.

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8
Q

Schubertiade

A

A small concert centered around the music of Schubert - could contain leider, chamber music, piano, or solo performances.

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9
Q

Leider

A

A song for voice and piano

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10
Q

Strophic Form

A

A form of Leid where every stanza uses the same music,

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11
Q

Modified Strophic Form

A

A form of Leid where all stanzas use same music except for one (or more) stanzas.

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12
Q

Through Composed Form

A

No predetermined structure - form aligned to music.

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13
Q

Ballad

A

A narrative poem with stanzas and a dramatic climax

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14
Q

Goethe

A

A ballad based on the old Danish folk tale about the elf king. Depicts a child being carried by his father imagining an elf king, but the elf king is really behind them.

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15
Q

Character Piece

A

A character piece is a short piece, usually for piano, that sets a mood or expresses a character.

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16
Q

Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra

A

The orchestra Mendelssohn conducted

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17
Q

Concert overture

A

One movement piece for orchestra associated with a specific story or scene.

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18
Q

Fanny Meldessohn

A

(1805-1847)

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19
Q

Felix Mendelssohn

A

(1809-1847)

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20
Q

Hector Berlioz

A

(1803-1869)
Born to a doctor, Berlioz was able to become well-read in a way that influenced his passion and ultimately shaped a lot of his composing.

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21
Q

Hanz Schubert

A

(1797-1828)

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22
Q

Idee Fixe (Fixed Idea)

A

Musical statement associated with a character, object, or idea; recurs throughout a work.

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23
Q

Robert Schumann

A

(1810-1856)
Studied with Friedrich Wieck; injured himself.
Taught at Leipzig Conservatory
Attempted suicide in 1854 before getting admitted to a mental health ward and then dying.

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24
Q

New Music Journal

A

A journal full of music criticism by Robert Schumann

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25
Clara Wieck Schumann
Wife of Robert Schuman and daughter of Friedric Wieck A virtuoso pianist, mother of 8, and talented composer.
26
Frederic Chopin
(1810-1849) Touring Virtuoso, eventually settled in Paris to teach/perform in salons. Mostly performed his own compositions - all works involved piano.
27
Nocturne
A genre of character piece that evokes the night
28
Niccolò Paganini
(1782-1840) The greatest violinist of the 19thc. Wrote virtuosic music that involved multiple stops, fast runs, and very high notes. Also used harmonics and leaps. Left hand pizzicato.
29
Lisztomania
Liszt caused such frenzy in his audience that they came up with a term for it.
30
Nationalism
Taking pride over a nation - valuing language, clothing, and styles of music
31
Virtuosity
An increase in difficult, showing playing in the 19thc; difficult concertos became more popular as a result.
32
Prosper Mérimée
33
Giocomo Meyerbeer
Jewish Heritage - to Germany - France A Grand Opera composer Wrote the Hugenots
34
French Grand Opera
A style of opera in 19th-C France. 5 acts, massive cast, huge chorus, ect. Spectacle and dance involved. Performed at the Opera
35
Chopin
36
Lizst
1811-1886 Created the modern day recital Would perform; improvisations, his own music, and other works. Greatest virtuoso of his time. Was influenced by Paganini
37
Symphonic Poems
One movement piece of orchestra that tells a story
38
Totentanz
Theme and variations for piano and orchestra on the Dies Irae
39
Opera Comique
A type of French Opera with spoken dialogue; like Carmen. Performed in the Opera Comique - family friendly reputation.
40
Georges Bizet
1838-1875
41
Impressario
Administrative side of Opera: runs the opera house
42
Gioachino Rossini
(1792-1868) Greatest composer of Italian opera.
43
Bel Canto
A style of singing requiring: 1) Long expressive lines 2) perfect legato throughout range 3) light tone in high registers 4) effortless coloratura
44
Rossini Crescendo
Repetition of ever-shorter phrases. Thicker orchestration. Faster harmonic motion.
45
Guiseppe Verdi
(1813-1901) In the 1850 was the most well-known opera composer. Was a voice of patriotism and a politician in Italy.
46
Risorgimento
Italian movement for independence and unification. After the Napoleonic wars, wanted independence from Austria and a national identity.
47
Carl Maria von Weber
Early 19thC. He grew up in a theater family, travelled, composed his first opera at 13, and directed his first opera at 18. Spearheaded great, German operas - German Romantic Opera.
48
Richard Wagner
(1813-1883) Kind of like Gluck by innovating a new kind of opera - the music drama. Supported by Mad King Ludwig
49
German Romantic Opera
50
Music Drama.
An opera where all art forms are emphasized - inspired by Beethoven. 1: Expanded role of orchestra. 2: Leitmotifs 3: Singing style - less. 4: Continuity between sections. Arioso singing. "Endless Melody" 5: German elements
51
Melodrama
Speaking with music in the background.
52
Artwork of the Future
Art forms should work together to meet their full potential to tell a story.
53
Leitmotif
Music motive or idea that is associated with a character, object, or idea.
54
War of the Romantics
Pro-Program - music needs to be tied to a story. New German School; Wagner, Liszt, Berlioz. Pro-Absolute - More creative if you aren't telling a story; Brahms, Schumann, Mendelssohn.
55
Johannes Brahms
(1833-1897) Mainly studied piano. In 1853 he accompanied a Hungarian violinist, met Joachim, and the Schumann's. Grounded in tradition.
56
Antonin Dvorak
A nationalist Czech composer. Professor at a conservatory in Prague until he moved to NY to teach at the National Conservatory of Music.
57
Mikhail Glinka
Father of Russian opera in 1st half of 19th-C.
58
Russian Opera
Opera was mainly italian or italian inspired at first, with a few true Russian operas by Glinka.
59
Anton Rubinstein
Wanted to cultivate a classical Russian culture - founder of Russian Musical Society. Founded St. Petersburg Conservatory, and Maryinsky Theatre built to perform Russian operas and ballet.
60
Mighty Five (or Handful)
Wanted to avoid western musical influences and develop truly Russian music - used Russian elements in their compositions. Balakirev - leader. Mussorgsky Cui Borodin Rimsky-Korsakov
61
Free Music School
Founded by Balakirev - an experimental, but also Russian, conservatory as a rival to St. Petersburg.
62
Rimsky-Korsakov
The orchestrator of the Mighty Five - originally worked in the Navy, and then inspected Navy bands, before becoming a composition professor (at St. Petersburg.)
63
Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky
Integrated western and Russian elements into his compositions. Spear-headed ballet genre. Died tragically - potentially by force or choir because of his sexuality.
64

Music Hist 316 (4 decks)

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