Terms for Final

Question 1

Formalist filmmaking

Answer 1

Filmmaker’s task is to create an experience separate from reality

Question 2

Realist filmmaking

Answer 2

Filmmaker’s job is to distort reality (French New Wave Cinema, Mis-en-scene)

Question 3

Non-diagetic music

Answer 3

Music heard outside of the frame of the visual story space, otherwise known as background music. This is the music that the characters in the film cannot hear (usually)

Question 4

Diagetic music

Answer 4

Music produced within the visual story space of the film, otherwise known as source music. This is the music that the characters in the film can hear (usually)

Question 5

Meta-diagetic

Answer 5

Music that is dreamed, hallucinated, or imagined by one or more of the characters in the film

Question 6

Displaced-diagetic

Answer 6

Music produced within the visual story space of the film, but that becomes displaced in time

Example: Teutonic Knights from Alexander Nevsky (1938))

Question 7

Voix acousmatique

Answer 7

A term coined by Michel Chion (film composer and theorist)

Sounds or voices that float without anchor between the diagetic and non-diagetic realms

Example: Schoolhouse scene from The Birds (1963)

Question 8

Minimalism

Answer 8

dates to 1960s

minimal harmonic and melodic shifts, subtle gradations in rhythm, meter, texture, phase shifting, feedback-genearting looping, “process music”

John Adams, Philip Glass, Steve Rich

Question 9

Parallelism in scenes

Answer 9

Chief formal device in musics - hero and heroine will unite even when they are apart/haven’t even met, “fated to be mated”

Question 10

Types of numbers found in musicals

Answer 10

Irrelevent to plot, spirit or ambience of plot, existence relevent ot plot but content not, advance the plot but not with content, enrich the plot but don’t advance it, numbers that advance the plot by content

Question 11

Imposed Simplicity

Answer 11

A term associated with Copland that allowed his work to become more and more accessible

Question 12

Igor Stravinsky’s ballets for Ballets Russes

Answer 12

The Firebird (A Russian Fairytale in Two Scenes”) (1910), Petrushka (“A Burlesque in Four Scenes”) (1911), The Rite of Spring (“Scenes of Pagan Russia” (1913)

Question 13

Leon Bakst (1866-1924)

Answer 13

Artist and set designer Ballet Russes

Question 14

Alexander Benois (1870-1960)

Answer 14

Art historian and theatre designer, supremacy of ballet over opera, puppet theater

Question 15

Sergei Diaghilev (1872-1929)

Answer 15

Art exhibition organizer, theater impresario, exporting Russian opera and ballet ot Paris, produced three Stravinsky ballets

Question 16

Michael Fokine (1880-1942)

Answer 16

Scenarist for Firbird, choreographer for Patrushka and Rite of Spring

Question 17

Vaslav Nijinsk (1890-1950)

Answer 17

Dancer of title role in Petrushka, creator of choreo for Rite of Spring

Question 18

Nikolai Roerich (874-1947)

Answer 18

Scholar of Russian pagan artwork, author of scenario of Rite of Spring

Question 19

Ostinato

Answer 19

Short musical passage - often bass melody though sometimes a chord series

Question 20

Ostinato chord

Answer 20

Heard in the first movement of Rite of Spring (Auguries of Spring)

Question 21

Octatonic Scale

Answer 21

Stravinsky

Symbolizes the supernatural (pagan Russia in Rite of Spring),

Symmetrical scale made up of alternating whole tones and half tones

Question 22

Whole Tone Scale

Answer 22

Debussy, Stravinsky

Made up of 6 notes

Comprised only of whole tones

Sense of stasis

Perfectly symmetrical - when transposed by any of its constituent intervals it remains the same

Ex: C D E F# G# A# (C)

Question 23

Neoclassicism

Answer 23

Dominant in 1920s-40s, reaction against Impressionism and Expressionism in favor of forms associated with Baroque and Classical periods

Abstracts and estranges forms, may be largely consonant with them but it includes modern devices such as ostinato

Question 24

Neoclassicism (applications)

Answer 24

Music for children (Peter and the Wolf), music performed by children (Let’s Build a Town), music that concerns childhood reminiscence and childhood expereince (The Child and the Enchanted Objects), childlike mindset (Rejoice in the Lamb

Question 25

Gebrauchtsmusik

Answer 25

Utilitarian or "Workday" music, often bears socialist subtext, accessible and easy to play, Hindemeth (and somewhat Kurt Weil)

Question 26

3 Distinct Periods of Stravinsky

Answer 26

1. Neonationalism (Primitivism): earthy, folklore subject matter - exaggerate exotic features, primitive and raw 2. Neoclassicism (Thomist philosophy): back to Mozart, back to Bach, rebuttal to Schoenberg 3. 12-tone/serial composition (after death of Schoenberg)

Question 27

Auger's Chord

Answer 27

Eb-G-Bb-Db-Fb-Ab-Cb, 2 chords from 2 keys stuck together, sound comes from single octatonic scale but there is an element of chaos/violence/illogical, element of random and irrational, not one single point of consonance, ostinato pattern

Question 28

Music for Children

Answer 28

An attempt to return to music's childhood/innocence, metaphor for retreat to the past

Question 29

3 qualities of Neoclassicism

Answer 29

1. Radical simplification of musical materials, 2. Motionless, mechanical repetition (music doesn't really go anywhere), 3. Block-like quality, the music isn't organic, telling a story (block-like sum of parts)

Question 30

Chromatic Displacement

Answer 30

Some notes sound like they are out of place but they feet into the secret theme beneath the surface of the work

Question 31

2 trends in Germany in the 1920s

Answer 31

1. neue sachlichkeit (new objectivity/matter-of-factness) 2. Gebrauchtsmusik (everyday/functional music)

Question 32

Impressionism

Answer 32

L19th/E20th c. France and Russia Portray things as they appear to the artist at the moment, not as they are thought or known to be Scientific analysis of nature of light defraction/diffusion w/ photography --\> new, more natural light renderings

Question 33

Symbolism

Answer 33

L19th/E20th c. France and Russia, use music and poetry to recall memories and stir premonitions in audience's mind, no clear-cut structure - comprised of loosely organized and contrasting succession of images, a whole succession of images in different times and places, ex: depict cloudiness (all associations)

Question 34

Expressionism

Answer 34

Direct communication/feeling of emotion is the main intention, Schoenberg, feelings of dispair and anxiety, images of real world transformed so they correspond with these ideas or feelings, era of Freud

Question 35

Sprechstimme

Answer 35

Speech music, style of recitative in Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire Trying to recreate someone who had regressed to a childlike stage

Question 36

Free atonality

Answer 36

Does not have a key or tonal center, reliedo n poetic texts to give works sense of form and structure

Question 37

12-tone Composition

Answer 37

Method of composition developed by Schoenberg in 1923, manipuation of one or more 12-tone rows, combination of - standard (prime), retrograde (prime backwards), inverted (intervals in row reversed), retrograde inverted (intervals reversed and given backwards)

Question 38

12-tone Row

Answer 38

An ordered sequence of 12 tones (pitches) found on the piano keyboard, chromatic scale most familiar example

Question 39

Serialism

Answer 39

Often used as a synonym for 12-tone composition, but designates atonal composition not wit h12 tones but with subsets series of six

Question 40

Tchaikovsky vs. Wagner

Answer 40

Apollonian vs. Dionysian

Question 41

Leitmotif

Answer 41

An identification motif in Wagner's music dramas. In an opera or music drama, it is a musical motif that is identified with some person, concept, or object

Question 42

Music drama

Answer 42

Wagnerian opera

Question 43

Tristan chord

Answer 43

The first chord in Tristan und Isolde. It belongs to no major or minor key, and thus expresses vaguenss and psychological unrest. Brings together two leitmotifs: yearning and fate

Question 44

Total artwork

Answer 44

Wagner's term for a dramatic work in which drama, music, poetry, song and painting should be united into a new and complete art form

Question 45

Pas de deux

Answer 45

Dance for two, long and short forms

Question 46

Two geometrical (Apollonian) shapes

Answer 46

Attitude and Arabesque

Question 47

Program music

Answer 47

Instrumental music (usually for orchestra) that seeks to recreate in sound the events and emotions portrayed in a play, a story, a historical event, or even a painting

Question 48

Program symphony

Answer 48

A symphony with the usual four or five movements in which the individual movements together tell a tale or depict a succession of individual events or scenes

Question 49

Idee fixe

Answer 49

Literally, fixed idea, but more specifically the obsessive musical theme used to unify the movements in Berlioz's Fantastic Symphony

Question 50

Dies irae

Answer 50

Literally, day of wrath, a Gregorian chant sequence written circa 1250 and used as the second part of a Roman Catholic Mass of the Dead. The 5th movement of Berlioz's Fantastic Symphony, the Dream of a Witches Sabbath, features a parody of the chant played by 2 ophicleides (forerunners to the tuba)

Question 51

Mimesis

Answer 51

The representation of reality in art