Terms for Lecture Exam 1

Question 1

Protoplasm

Answer 1

Substance of Life

Question 2

Cell Structure

Answer 2

Housing DNA need nucleus or nucleoid

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

Ability of the cell to obtain and use energy

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

Reactions that use energy to build compounds

Question 5

Catabolism

Answer 5

reactions that release energy by breaking down compounds (cell respiration)

Question 6

Irritability

Answer 6

The ability to sense and respond to stimuli to maintain homeostasis.

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

Best internal environment.

Question 8

Movement

Answer 8

All cells have cytoplasm streaming

Question 9

Cytoplasm Streaming

Answer 9

movement inside of the cytoplasm within the cell

Question 10

Development

Answer 10

Birth, Growth, Maturity, Senescence, Death.

Question 11

Reproduction

Answer 11

based on inheritance of genes

Question 12

Asexual vs. Sexual

Answer 12

A- offsprings are clones, only need one parent. S- 2 parents occur in advanced organisms.

Question 13

Observation

Answer 13

Leads to question (Is lung cancer more common in smokers)

Question 14

Hypothesis

Answer 14

Prediction to be tested

Question 15

Variable vs. Control

Answer 15

A variable is what is being tested and the control is something no exposed to the experiment variable

Question 16

Experimental Results Statistics

Answer 16

predicts accuracy within confidence limits

Question 17

Scientific Theory

Answer 17

Model that best explains the data

Question 18

Matter

Answer 18

Composed of elements

Question 19

Atoms

Answer 19

The smallest part of an element

Question 20

Protons

Answer 20

positively charged particles in the atomic nucleus

Question 21

Atomic Number

Answer 21

Number of protons

Question 22

Neutrons

Answer 22

Neutral particles in the atomic nucleus

Question 23

Atomic Mass

Answer 23

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 24

Isotopes

Answer 24

Atoms of the same element with different atomic mass numbers

Question 25

Radioisotopes

Answer 25

Decaying different elements at a constant rate.

Question 26

Electrons

Answer 26

Negatively charged. particles that move around the atomic nucleus in patterns called orbitals.

Question 27

Orbitals vs. Shells

Answer 27

Orbitals hold up to 2 electrons and the same numbers of electrons as protons. Where as a shell is a group equal energy orbitals

Question 28

Chemical Bonding

Answer 28

Occurs because atoms do not feel stable unless they have complete outer shells. They will give up, pick up or share electrons to fill the outermost shell.

Question 29

Nobel Gases

Answer 29

Will not form chemical bonds because the outermost shells are already full.

Question 30

Ionic Bonding

Answer 30

Occurs when atoms give up or pick up electrons to complete their outermost shells.

Question 31

Electron Donors

Answer 31

Give away 1,2 or 3 electrons to become, and become positively charged ions (cations)

Question 32

Electron Acceptors

Answer 32

Pick up 1, 2 or 3 electrons to become negatively charged ions (anions)

Question 33

Ionic Compounds

Answer 33

Molecules held together by electromagnetic attractions (opposite charges

Question 34

Acids

Answer 34

pH lass then 7

Question 35

Bases

Answer 35

pH above 7

Question 36

pH Scale

Answer 36

Measures how much acids and bases dissociate

Question 37

Buffers

Answer 37

Special salts that help maintain proper pH conditions by changing strong acids into weak acids or strong bases into weak bases

Question 38

Covalent Bonding

Answer 38

Occurs when atoms share electrons to complete their outermost shells. (covalent bonding are 10x-20x stronger than ionic bonding in water.)

Question 39

Non-polar vs. Polar

Answer 39

Non-polar- occur when atoms share electrons equally. Polar- occur when atoms share electrons unequally.

Question 40

Single, Double & Triple Bonds

Answer 40

Occurs when atoms share 1, 2 & 3 bonds.

Question 41

Hydrogen Bonding

Answer 41

Occurs when polar covalent compounds weakly attach to one and another because of their opposite charges.

Question 42

Isomers

Answer 42

Compounds with identical elements, numbers of atoms and bonds but different spatial arrangments

Question 43

Inorganic Compounds

Answer 43

Small compounds lacking carbon and hydrogen

Question 44

Water

Answer 44

Polar covalent composed of hydrogen and oxygen

Question 45

Organic Compounds

Answer 45

molecules containing both carbon and hydrogen.