Terms In Chapter 8

Question 0

is a chronic or recurrent nonpsychotic disorder char-acterized mainly by anxiety, which is experienced or expresseddirectly or is altered through defense mechanisms; it appears asa symptom, such as an obsession, a compulsion, a phobia, ora sexual dysfunction.

Answer 0

Neurosis

Question 1

emphasizedloss of reality testing and impairment of mental functioning—manifestedbydelusions, hallucinations, confusion, andimpairedmemory.

Answer 1

Psychosis

Question 2

Thinking characterized by the ability to grasp the essentials of a whole, to break a whole into its parts, and todiscern common properties. To think symbolically

Answer 2

Abstract thinking

Question 3

Reduced impulse to act and to think, associated withindifference about consequences of action. Occurs as a result ofneurological deficit, depression, and schizophrenia.

Answer 3

Abulia

Question 4

Loss of ability to do calculations; not caused by anx-iety or impairment in concentration. Occurs with neurologicaldeficit and learning disorder.

Answer 4

Acalculia

Question 5

Disordered speech in which statements are incor-rectly formulated. Patients may express themselves with wordsthat sound like the ones intended, but are not appropriate to thethoughts, or they may use totally inappropriate expressions.

Answer 5

Acataphasia

Question 6

Lack of feeling associated with an ordinarily emo-tionally charged subject; in psychoanalysis, it denotes the pa-tient’s detaching or transferring of emotion from thoughts andideas. Also called decathexis. Occurs in anxiety, dissociative,schizophrenic, and bipolar disorders.

Answer 6

Acathesis

Question 7

Loss of sensation of physical existence

Answer 7

Acenesthesia

Question 8

Dread of high places.

Answer 8

Acrophibia

Question 9

Nonsense speech associated with marked impairmentof comprehension. Occurs in mania, schizophrenia, and neuro-logical deficit.

Answer 9

Acalalia

Question 10

Inability to performrapid alternating move-ments. Occurs with neurological deficit and cerebellar lesions

Answer 10

adiadochokinesia

Question 11

Weakness and fatigability, characteristic of neuras-thenia and depression.

Answer 11

Adynamia

Question 12

Excessive swallowing of air. Seen in anxiety disorder

Answer 12

Aerophagia

Question 13

The subjective and immediate experience of emotionattached to ideas or mental representations of objects. Affecthas outward manifestations that can be classified as restricted,blunted, flattened, broad, labile, appropriate, or inappropriate

Answer 13

Affect

Question 14

Lack or impairment of the sense of taste. Seen in de-pression and neurological deficit.

Answer 14

Ageusia

Question 15

Forceful, goal-directed action that can be verbal orphysical; the motor counterpart of the affect of rage, anger, orhostility. Seen in neurological deficit, temporal lobe disorder,impulse-control disorders, mania, and schizophrenia.

Answer 15

Aggression

Question 16

Severe anxiety associated with motor restlessness.

Answer 16

Agitation

Question 17

Inability to understand the importance or significanceof sensory stimuli; cannot be explained by a defect in sensorypathways or cerebral lesion; the term has also been used torefer to the selective loss or disuse of knowledge of specificobjects because of emotional circumstances, as seen in certainschizophrenic, anxious, anddepressedpatients. Occurs withneu-rological deficit.

Answer 17

Agnosia

Question 18

Morbid fear of open places or leaving the famil-iar setting of the home. May be present with or without panicattacks.

Answer 18

Agoraphobia

Question 19

Loss or impairment of a previously possessed abilityto write

Answer 19

Agraphia

Question 20

Dread of cats.

Answer 20

Ailurophobia

Question 21

Subjective feeling of motor restlessness manifestedby a compelling need to be in constant movement; may be seenas an extrapyramidal adverse effect of antipsychotic medication.May be mistaken for psychotic agitation.

Answer 21

Akathesia

Question 22

Absence of voluntary motor movement orspeech in a patient who is apparently alert (as evidenced by eyemovements). Seen in psychotic depression and catatonic states.

Answer 22

akinetic mutism

Question 23

Loss of a previously possessed reading facility; not ex-plained by defective visual acuity.

Answer 23

Alexia

Question 24

Inability or difficulty in describing or being awareof one’s emotions or moods; elaboration of fantasies associatedwith depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress dis-order (PTSD).

Answer 24

Alexithymia

Question 25

Dread of pain

Answer 25

algophobia

Question 26

Inability to speak because of a mental deficiency or anepisode of dementia

Answer 26

Alogia

Question 27

Coexistence of two opposing impulses towardthe same thing in the same person at the same time. Seen inschizophrenia, borderline states, and obsessive-compulsive dis-orders (OCDs).

Answer 27

Ambivalence

Question 28

Lack of the ability to make gestures or to comprehendthose made by others.

Answer 28

Amimia

Question 29

Partial or total inability to recall past experiences; maybe organic (amnestic disorder) or emotional (dissociative amne-sia) in origin.

Answer 29

Amnesia

Question 30

Disturbed capacity to name objects, eventhough they are known to the patient. Also called anomicaphasia.

Answer 30

amnestic aphasia

Question 31

Depending on others, especially as the infant on themother; anaclitic depression in children results froman absenceof mothering.

Answer 31

Anaclitic

Question 32

State in which one feels little or no pain. Can occurunder hypnosis and in dissociative disorder.

Answer 32

Analgesia

Question 33

Repetitious or stereotyped behavior or thought usu-ally used as a tension-relieving device; used as a synonym forobsession and seen in obsessive-compulsive (anankastic) per-sonality.

Answer 33

Anancasm

Question 34

Combination of culturally determined female andmale characteristics in one person.

Answer 34

Androgyny

Question 35

Lack of energy

Answer 35

Anergia

Question 36

Loss of interest in, and withdrawal from, all regularand pleasurable activities. Often associated with depression.

Answer 36

Anhedonia

Question 37

Inability to recall the names of objects.

Answer 37

Anomia

Question 38

Loss or decrease in appetite. In anorexia nervosa, ap-petite may be preserved, but the patient refuses to eat.

Answer 38

Anorexia

Question 39

Inability to recognize a physical deficit in oneself(e.g., patient denies paralyzed limb).

Answer 39

Anosognosia

Question 40

Loss of memory for events subsequentto the onset of the amnesia; common after trauma

Answer 40

anterograde amnesia

Question 41

Feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of dan-ger, which may be internal or external.

Answer 41

Anxiety

Question 42

Dulled emotional tone associated with detachment orindifference; observed in certain types of schizophrenia and de-pression.

Answer 42

Apathy

Question 43

Any disturbance in the comprehension or expressionof language caused by a brain lesion.

Answer 43

Aphasia

Question 44

Loss of voice. Seen in conversion disorder.

Answer 44

Aphonia

Question 45

Emotional tone in harmony with the accom-panying idea, thought, or speech.

Answer 45

Appropriate affect

Question 46

Inability to perform a voluntary purposeful motor activ-ity; cannot be explained by paralysis or other motor or sensory impairment. In constructional apraxia, a patient cannot drawtwo- or three-dimensional forms.

Answer 46

Apraxia

Question 47

Inability to identify familiar objects by touch.Seen with neurological deficit.

Answer 47

Astereognosis

Question 48

Disorder of language in which the patient combinesunconnected ideas and images. Commonly seen in schizophre-nia.

Answer 48

Asyndesis

Question 49

Lack of coordination, physical or mental. (1) In neurol-ogy, refers to loss of muscular coordination. (2) In psychiatry, thetermintrapsychic ataxia refers to lack of coordination betweenfeelings and thoughts; seen in schizophrenia and in severe OCD

Answer 49

Ataxia

Question 50

Lack of muscle tone. See waxy flexibility

Answer 50

Atonia

Question 51

Concentration; the aspect of consciousness that re-lates tothe amount of effort exertedinfocusingoncertainaspectsof an experience, activity, or task. Usually impaired in anxietyand depressive disorders.

Answer 51

Attension