Terms - integumentary system

Question 1

Integumentary system

Answer 1

composed of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and some nerve ending

Question 2

What is the skins function

Answer 2

• Protection: skin acts as a physical barrier to bacteria, dehydration, chemicals, and more
• Environmental sensory input: skin gathers information about environment by sensing temperature, pressure and pain
• Excretion: water and salt can be excreted through the skin
• innate Immunity: specialized cells in the skin are part of the immune system (T cell and Langerhans cells)
• Vitamin D synthesis: UV radiation activates skin molecules that is a precursor to Vitamin D
• Thermoregulation: helps to regulate body temperature via capillaries and sweat glands

Question 3

Thermoreguakltion

Answer 3

regulates the body temperature by using Sweat glands, Piloerection reflex (goosebumps), and blood vessels.
-Sweat glands: uses ATP, loses water
- Piloerection reflex: response to cold, stress, or emotion
- Blood vessels: dilating will cause body to lose heat (useful in hot temps). Constricting causing the body to preserve more heat in cold weathers. 10%

Question 4

what are the layers of the skin

Answer 4

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

Question 5

Epidermis

Answer 5

• outer layer,
• (superficial avascular tissue
• 5 layers of epidermis: Stratum corneum, Stratum Lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinsum, and stratym basale/germinativum

Question 6

Stratym Corneum

Answer 6

• filled with keratin (dead cells)
• prevents from the skin from tearing easy
• barrier against water (hydrophobic)

Question 7

Stratum lucidum

Answer 7

• only in plams of the hands and soles of feet
• dead cells
• thicker layer

Question 8

Stratum granulosum

Answer 8

layer of dying cells
- cells are filled with keratin

Question 9

Stratym spinous

Answer 9

• Provides strength and flexibility
• held together by adhesion protein (desmosomes)

Question 10

Stratum Basale/germinativum

Answer 10

deepest layer and contains merkel cell, stem cells, and melanocytes
- forms new skin cells

Question 11

what are the important cells found in epidermis

Answer 11

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans and Merkel cells

Question 12

Keratinocytes

Answer 12

produce the protein keratin
- makes up the majority of epidermis
- as they are pushed to the surface to the skin they start to produce keratin and the cell starts to die off

Question 13

melanocytes

Answer 13

• produce melanin
  which is a pigment molecule and protects against UV light

Question 14

langerhans

Answer 14

interact with helper T-Cells
- with T-cells it creates further immune defense

Question 15

Merkel cells

Answer 15

attach to sensory neurons

Question 16

Dermis

Answer 16

Connective tissue filled with collagen and elastic fibers
- middle layer
- thicker then the epidermis so it gives a lot of underlaying structural support to the skin
- hair follicles here, glands which let us secrete various substances onto our skin surface
- relies on oxygen and nutrients

Question 17

Collagen

Answer 17

is the most abundant protein in the dermis
- presented in a triple helix
- repeating pattern of amino acids; every 3rd amino acid is glycine

Question 18

what are the mechanoreceptors of the skin

Answer 18

• Tactile corpuscles
• lamellar corpuscles:

Question 19

Tactile corpuscles

Answer 19

detect light tough
- closer to the surface
- found in the dermis

Question 20

lamellar corpuscles

Answer 20

detect vibrations and pressure
- found in the dermis

Question 21

sudoriferous Glands

Answer 21

Sweat glands: includes eccrine and apocrine
- allows for evaportative cooling (cools down the body)

Question 22

sebaceous glands

Answer 22

connected to hair follicles, secretes oils
- connected to follicles, absent in palms and soles
- secretes sebum that helps to moisturize skin
- keeps skin acidic to prevent bacterial growth

Question 23

Eccrine

Answer 23

regulate temperature. through perspiration, found everywhere
- reducing urea in the body

Question 24

Apocrine

Answer 24

secretions are more viscous (thick), on the hair fallacious
- found in the armpits and public regions

Question 25

Ceruminous glands

Answer 25

Wax, found in ear canal - produces wax-like

Question 26

Mammary glands

Answer 26

- Found in the breast - secretes milk

Question 27

Hair

Answer 27

Column of keratinized cells held tightly together - stand up via contraction of smooth muscle known as arrector/erector pili muscles

Question 28

Hypodermis

Answer 28

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue - deepest layer cushion - store fat and insulation

Question 29

Keratin

Answer 29

- Most abundant protein in the epidermis - produced via keratinocytes -Function: to increase the strength of our skin, along with providing us with protection from external factors such as chemical, physical or even microorganism

Question 30

Papillary region

Answer 30

As the upper 20% of the dermis and is a thin vascular network within upward projecting papillae that helps supply nutrient to the epidermis along with regulating temperature

Question 31

Meissners corpuscles

Answer 31

described as sensory-type receptors in which their projection creates fingerprint ridges

Question 31

reticular region

Answer 31

- described as a region containing dense connective tissue, collagen, and elastic fibers - provides the dermis with strength and elasticity - contains many gland types

Question 31

Chameleons

Answer 31

have the ability to use color change fro camouflage and for finding a mate - located in the dermal chromatophores