Terms pertaining to the body as a whole (cells)

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

• surrounds & protects the cell
• regulates what passes into & out of the cell

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

• controls the operations of the cell
• directs cell division
• determines the structure & function of cell

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

• rod like structure within nucleus
• all human body cells (except sex cells) have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

• regions in the chromosome
• each gene contains DNA

Question 5

karyotype

Answer 5

a photograph of an individual’s chromosomes

Question 6

cytoplasm
(cyt/o = cell, -plasm = formation)

Answer 6

includes all of the material outside the nucleus & enclosed by the cell membrane

Question 7

mitochondria

Answer 7

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
- small sausage-shaped bodies that provide principal energy for the cell
- use nutrients & oxygen to release energy that’s stored in food

Question 8

anabolism

Answer 8

process of building up large proteins from amino acids
ana = up
bol - cast
ism - process

Question 9

catabolism

Answer 9

complex nutrients are broken down to similar substances & energy is released

Question 10

metabolism

Answer 10

total of the chemical processes in a cell; includes catabolism & anabolism
meta = change
bol = cast
ism = process

Question 11

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

network of canals within the cytoplasm; the site of protein synthesis