Terms (Term provided) Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Acrostic
A
A type of poem. A letter in each word of the poem spells out another message.
2
Q
Aluminum (Al)
A
Aluminum is in Group 13 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 13, and its atomic mass is 27. Aluminum is the most common metal on Earth’s surface. It is the third most common element in Earth’s crust. It is a strong, light, and corrosion-resistant metal.
3
Q
Ammonia
A
The chemical formula for ammonia is NH3. Ammonia is used to make fertilizers, explosives, and cleaning products.
4
Q
Argon (Ar)
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Argon is in Group 18 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 18 and its atomic mass is 40. Argon is the third most common gas in Earth’s atmosphere. It is used to fill lightbulbs.
5
Q
Atmosphere
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All the gas surrounding a planet.
6
Q
Atom
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The basic building blocks of all matter. Atoms are made from protons, electrons, and neutrons.
7
Q
Atomic Mass Unit
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The unit of measurement used to tell the mass of an atom—abbreviated as a.m.u.
8
Q
Atomic Number
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Equals the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Each element has its own unique atomic number. This number can be used to identify an element and is found in the periodic table.
9
Q
Atomic Theory of Matter
A
John Dalton proposed this theory in 1803. The theory states that 1.) All things are made of atoms. 2.) Atoms of the same element are the same, and atoms of different elements are different from each other. 3.) Compounds are formed when different types of atoms combine with each other.
10
Q
Beryllium (Be)
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Beryllium is in Group 2 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 4, and its atomic mass is 9. Beryllium is found in emeralds. It is a deadly poison if eaten.
11
Q
Boiling Point
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The point in temperature at which a compound goes from a liquid to a gas.
12
Q
Bonds
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The places where atoms link together to make molecules.
13
Q
Boron (B)
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Boron is in Group 13 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 5, and its atomic mass is 11. It is used to make the green color in fireworks.
14
Q
Calcium Carbonate
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The chemical formula for calcium carbonate is CaCO3. Calcium carbonate is found in rocks. It is an important molecule in the shells of marine animals, snails, and birds.
15
Q
Capillary Action
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The ability of a substance to draw another substance into it.
16
Q
Carbon (C)
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Carbon is in Group 14 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 6, and its atomic mass is 12. It has two elemental forms: graphite and diamond. All living things on Earth have carbon in them. It is the sixth most common element in the universe.
17
Q
Carbon Dioxide
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The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. Carbon dioxide is a gas found in Earth’s atmosphere.
18
Q
Catalase
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A compound found in your blood and in many other living things as well.
19
Q
Catalyst
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Something that speeds up a chemical reaction.
20
Q
Cells
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The basic units of all living things.
21
Q
Cellulose
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A special type of molecule found in plants.
22
Q
Chemical Change
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Rearrangement of atoms such that new and different molecules are made. A chemical change is necessary for a chemical reaction to occur.
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Q
Chemical Family or Group
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This is a column of the periodic table. There are 18 groups.
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Q
Chemical Reaction
A
A combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms into new and different molecules.
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Chemical Tests
These are tests performed on compounds to see how they behave chemically.
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Chemicals
All matter is made of chemicals. Chemicals are made up of atoms and molecules.
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Chemist
A person who studies chemicals and the matter they make.
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Chemistry
The science studying chemicals and the matter they make.
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Chlorine (Cl)
Chlorine is in Group 17 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 17, and its atomic mass is 35. It is found in bleach and table salt.
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Chlorophyll
The molecule that makes plants green.
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Colloid
A solid suspended in a liquid. It has properties between a solid and a liquid.
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Compound
A group of molecules that is all the same kind.
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Condensation Point
The point in temperature at which a compound goes from a gas to a liquid.
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Crystals
Solids that form in an orderly, repeating pattern, e.g. sugar and NaCl.
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Dalton, John
The famous English chemist (1766-1844) who proposed the Atomic Theory of Matter.
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Democritus
The Greek who 2,400 years ago said that everything is made of partides called atoms.
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Dense
Things that are dense have molecules very close together, as in a solid.
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Density
The physical property that measures the amount of stuff in a given space.
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Diffusion
A transport mechanism, where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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Electron Dot Method
This is a method used for drawing atoms and molecules. Using this method, the electrons in the outer energy level are drawn around the elemental symbol.
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Electron Dot Structures
This is the name used for the atoms and molecules drawn using the Electron Dot Method.
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Electrons
Small particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons have a negative charge.
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Element
Matter that contains a specified type of atom; all of which all have the same number of protons in the nucleus. There are 118 different types of elements.
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Energy Level
Where the electrons of an atom are found.
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Fluid
The ability to flow.
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Fluoride
Used in toothpaste to help strengthen teeth.
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Fluorine (F)
Fluorine is in Group 17 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 9, and its atomic mass is 19. It is a very reactive element. Fluorine is found in fluoride toothpaste to help strengthen teeth.
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Freezing Point
The point in temperature at which a compound goes from a liquid to a solid.
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Gas
A state of matter. In a gas the molecules have a lot of space between them. Gases do not have definite volume or a definite shape.
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Gold (Au)
Gold is in Group 11 in the 6th period. Its atomic number is 79, and its atomic mass is 197. It is a metal.
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Helium (He)
Helium is in Group 18 in the 1st period. Its atomic number is 2, and its atomic mass is 4. The second most common element in the universe and the sixth most common gas in Earth's atmosphere.
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Hydrogen (H)
Hydrogen is in Group 1 in the 1st period. Its atomic number is 1, and its atomic mas is 1. It is the smallest atom, the most common element in the universe, and the tenth most common element in Earth's crust.
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Hydrogen Peroxide
The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H202. It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent, and for antiseptic uses.
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Hypothesis
A reasoned proposal predicting an outcome of an experiment.
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Iron (Fe)
Iron is in Group 8 in the 4th period. Its atomic number is 26, and its atomic mass is 56. It is a metal.
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Lead (Pb)
Lead is in Group 14 in the 6th period. Its atomic number is 82, and its atomic mass is 207. It is a metal.
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Liquid
A state of matter. Liquids have a definite volume but do not have a definite shape.
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Lithium (Li)
Lithium is in Group 1 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 3, and its atomic mass is 7. The name lithium comes from the Greek word for "stone."
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Magnesium (Mg)
Magnesium is in Group 2 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 12, and its atomic mass is 24. It is the eighth most common element in the universe and the seventh most common element in Earth's crust. It is found in Epsom salt and seawater.
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Mass
A measurement for how much matter is in an object. Unlike weight, mass is not affected by gravity.
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Matter
All things that are made of atoms and molecules.
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Melting Point
The point in temperature at which a compound goes from a solid to a liquid.
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Mendeleev, Dmitri
A famous Russian scientist (1834-1907) who created the periodic table.
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Mixture
A group of different kinds of molecules.
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Molecular Formula
Formulas that indicate the amount and type of atoms present in a molecule, using elemental symbols and numerical subscript.
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Molecules
A group of two or more atoms bonded together.
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Neon (Ne)
Neon is in Group 18 in the 2nd period its atomic number is 10, and its atomic mass is 20. It is the fourth most common element in the universe and the fifth most common gas in Earth's atmosphere. It is used to make neon lights.
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Neutrons
Particles in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons have no charge.
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Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen is in Group 15 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 7, and its atomic mass is 14 It is the fifth most common element in the universe. 78% of Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen, making it the most common element in Earth's atmosphere.
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Nucleus
The nucleus is the center of an atom, containing the protons and neutrons.
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Oxygen (0)
Oxygen is in Group 16 in the 2nd period. Its atomic number is 8, and its atomic mass is 16. It is the third most common element in the universe, the second most common gas in Earth's atmosphere, and the most common element in Earth's crust and in the ocean.
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Periodic Table of the Elements
The main reference document of chemistry. The periodic table tells the properties of the elements.
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Periods
The rows of the periodic table. There are seven periods. The period an element is in tells you the number of energy levels that element has.
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pH Scale
A scale that measures the acidity and basicity of solutions. The pH scale ranges from 0 (strong acid) to 7 (neutral) to 14 (strong base).
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Phosphorescent
The emission of light—the property of glowing in the dark.
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Phosphorus (P)
Phosphorus is in Group 15 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 15, and its atomic mass is 31. It is used to make fireworks.
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Physical Change
This is a change in appearance of something without there being a change in the molecules present.
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Physical Tests
These observations and tests are performed to determine the physical properties of compounds.
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Polymer
A long chain of molecules that stretch and bend.
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Potassium (K)
Potassium is in Group 1 in the 4th period. Its atomic number is 19, and its atomic mass is 39. It is the seventh most common element in Earth's crust.
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Protons
Particles in the nucleus of an atom. Protons have a positive charge.
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Scanning-Tunneling Microscope
A special type of microscope used to see atoms.
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Silicon (Si)
Silicon is in Group 14 in the 34' period. Its atomic number is 14, and its atomic mass is 28. It is the seventh most common element in the universe and the second most common gas in Earth's crust. It is found in sand.
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Silver (Ag)
Silver is in Group 11 in the 5'h period. Its atomic number is 47, and its atomic mass is 108. It is a metal.
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Sodium (Na)
Sodium is in Group 1 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 11, and its atomic mass is 23. It is the sixth most common element in Earth's crust. It is found in table salt.
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Sodium Chloride
The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl. It is common table salt.
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Sodium Hydroxide
The chemical formula for sodium hydroxide is NaOH. It is a strong base with a pH of 14. The common name is lye. It is used in making paper, drinking water, and detergents.
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Sodium Hypochlorite
The chemical formula for sodium hypochlorite is NaC10. Its common name is bleach.
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Solid
A state of matter. Solids have a definite volume and a definite shape.
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Solute
A substance dissolved in another substance, called the solvent.
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Solution
A mixture with two parts to it, the solvent and the solute.
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Solvent
A substance in which another substance, the solute, is dissolved.
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States of Matter
The three forms of matter—solid, liquid, and gas.
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Steam
The name for water when it is a gas.
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Subscript
A word, number, or symbol that appears below the text—for example the 2 in H20 is in subscript notation.
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Sulfur (S)
Sulfur is in Group 16 in the 3rd period. Its atomic number is 16, and its atomic mass is 35. It is found in eggs, volcanoes, fireworks, and matches.
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Symbols
In chemistry, the abbreviations for the names of the elements.
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Theory
A statement of what are held to be the general laws, principles, or causes of something known or observed. In science, theories are ideas that interpret facts and explain how or why something works.
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Universal Solvent
Water. It is the universal solvent, because it is the main solvent into which solutes are dissolved.
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Volume
A physical property that measures the amount of space something takes up.
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Zinc (Zn)
Zinc is in Group 12 in the 4th period. Its atomic number is 30, and its atomic mass is 65. It is a metal.
102
Acid
From the Latin word acere, meaning "sour." Acids are a special type of molecule. Most acids have a hydrogen atom that dissociates from the molecule without its electron when it is put in water. Acidic solutions have a pH below 7.
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Acid Rain
Rain with a pH of less than 5. Acid rain is a pollutant that can kill aquatic animals and amphibians, weaken trees, and dissolve stone.
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Acid-Base Reaction
A type of chemical reaction with the following form: acid + base = water + salt.
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Anode
A positively charged electrode.
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Antacid
A substance that neutralizes acid.
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Base
A special type of molecule. Most bases have an oxygen-hydrogen pair that dissociates from the molecule with an extra electron when put in water. Basic solutions have a pH above 7.
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Buoyancy
The ability of things to float.
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Cathode
A negatively charged electrode.
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Combustion Reactions
A type of chemical reaction with the following form, something that burns + 02 with the result of new molecules + heat. Combustion reactions are exothermic.
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Dissociation Reaction
Occurs when a molecule comes apart and leaves or takes electrons.
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Electric Charge
An amount of electrical energy.
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Electrolysis
A method of separating bonded atoms using an electrical current.
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Electrolyte
A negatively or positively charged particle (ion) that conducts electricity.
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Endothermic Reactions
A type of reaction where the temperature at the end of the reaction is lower than the temperature at the beginning. Heat is absorbed in this type of chemical reaction.
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Exothermic Reaction
A reaction where the temperature at the end of the reaction is higher than the temperature at the beginning. Heat is released in this type of chemical reaction.
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Fertilizer
A chemical added to soil as a food for plants.
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Hydrochloric Acid
The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is HCI. Hydrochloric acid is a very strong, corrosive acid with a low pH that has many industrial uses and is found in gastric juices.
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Hydrogen Bonding
This type of bond can occur between molecules, where one of the molecules has hydrogen as a part of it. Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together.
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Indicators
Chemicals that show if something is an acid, a base, or neither.
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Neutral
Not an acid or a base.
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Neutralization Reaction
Acid-base reactions perfectly calibrated to result in a neutral solution—pH = 7.
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Precipitate
The solid that forms in a precipitation reaction.
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Precipitation Reaction
A special type of chemical reaction where liquids with dissolved molecules mix together and make new molecules that are solids.
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Products
The new molecules made in a chemical reaction.
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Reactants
The starting molecules in a chemical reaction.
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Sulfuric Acid
The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is H2SO4. It is a strong acid.
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Xylem
Long, straw-like tubes in plants made of cellulose molecules. Xylem are used for water transport.
