terms to memorize Flashcards
(29 cards)
Invented Spelling
Child’s attempt to spell based on best judgement
transitional spelling
use some conventional spelling but still misspell many irregular words.
EX: EGUL for eagle
Conventional Spelling
They know and use most basic spelling rules and spell most words correctly.
EX: higheked for hiked
Phonetic Spelling
Students spell the way they hear the word pronounced
Ex:Spell “made” m-a-d
Emergent Reader (Stage of Reading Development)
when children understand that written language has meaning and gives messages
Phonology
organization of sounds in languages
Pragmatics
study of language in use
Orthography
Spelling patterns of language
EX: The correct spelling of the home you live in in HOUSE, not HOWSE.
Semiphonetic Spelling
Students have some letter awareness, but are unable to use all letters in the word.
Ex: Spell “play” p-a
Semantics
The study of word or symbol meaning.
EX:”love” which has many different meanings in English
Literal vs figurative meaning of “Raining cats and dogs”
Pre-Alphabetic Stage
a stage of word recognition in which students have no working knowledge of the alphabetic system. They just memorize based on habit.
Ex: a child says “Wal-Mart” when passing the store’s sign
Phoneme
the smallest individual sounds in a word
Ex: The word “bit” has three phonemes – b – i – t.
Morphology
The study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.
Phonetics
the sounds of human speech
Partial Alphabetic Stage
a stage of word recognition in which students combine their limited alphabetic knowledge with context clues
Ex: while reading, child sees pictures of a truck, and sees the word start with a tr and says truck.
Early Fluent / Fluent / Proficient Reader
readers recognize many words and can apply phonics and word analysis skills to figure out unfamiliar words
Full Alphabetic Stage
a stage of word recognition where students use their full working knowledge of letter-sound correspondence to decode unfamiliar words letter-by-letter
Ex: a child comes across the word “desk” while reading and sounds it out “d-e-s-k”
Syntax
Rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences.
Morpheme
A combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts. This includes prefixes and suffixes.
Ex:write, cat, laugh, box
Automatic Stage
Students in the automatic stage of word recognition are able to read fluently and with greater comprehension
Precommunicative Spelling
Students use SCRIBBLE SHAPES and sometimes letter-like shapes for spelling words but are unable to make the forms
Early Reader (Stage of Reading Development)
Early readers begin understanding that reading from the printed page needs to make sense – both from the pictures and from the print
Phonological Awareness
the understanding and ability to hear individual words, syllables, and sounds in spoken language apart from print
Consolidated Alphabetic Stage
a stage of word recognition in which students read by using memorized letter chunks, affixes, and syllables to read words
EX:”reminder” but would decode it by breaking it into recognizable chunks, “re-mind-er.”
