Terms WEEK THREE Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
For adults, record weight to the nearest
A
quarter of a pound
2
Q
For adults, record height to the nearest
A
Quarter of an inch
3
Q
Measurements for infants and children
A
kilograms (kg)
4
Q
convert pounds to kilograms
A
divide by 2.2
5
Q
measuring infant height and length
A
mark the top of the head and the heel of the flexed foot
6
Q
head circumference for infants
A
measure the widest area of the head
(typically around eyebrows)
7
Q
chest circumference for infants
A
underneath arm, above the nipple area
8
Q
Body Mass Index
A
18.5 - 24.9: normal
over 24.9: overweight
over 30: obese
over 40: morbidly obese
9
Q
pulse oximetry
A
- measures oxygen saturation n blood and displays pulse reading
- not considered a vital sign
- attached to finger or earlobe for reading
- normal reading: 95% or higher
10
Q
Locations for palpating a pulse (artery)
A
temporal
femoral
popliteal
posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis
11
Q
body regulation
A
- too hot: blood vessels dilate (sweat); more blood sent to the surface
- too cold: blood vessels constrict (shiver)
12
Q
hard protein in hair and nails
A
keratin
13
Q
Melanocyte
A
skin cell; produces the pigment melanin
14
Q
rubor or erythema
A
flushing of the skin when blushing due to dilated blood vessels
15
Q
pallor or pale
A
anxiety and cold can cause blood vessels to constrict
16
Q
Cyanosis
A
bluish tint to the skin when it is not getting enough blood
17
Q
subcutaneous layer
A
- connective tissue
- composed of adipose tissue(fatty layer) and larger blood vessels
18
Q
sweat glands are also known as
A
sudoriferous glands
19
Q
eccrine glands
A
distributed throughout the body, produce fluid to regulate body temperature
20
Q
Apocrine glands
A
present in the axilla and pubic area, responsible for odor as bacteria break down organic substances.
21
Q
Sebaceous glands
A
secretes an oil substance called sebum, adds a protective layer and prevent fluid loss.
22
Q
Neoplasm
A
“new growth”
doesn’t specify cancerous or benign
23
Q
acne vulgaris
A
black heads, white heads, pustules
24
Q
Cellulitis
A
bacterial infection
25
Dermatitis
inflammation with rash
26
Eczema
itchy, red, scaly rash
27
Herpes Simplex (cold sore)
blisters, mouth, lips, face
28
Impetigo
bacterial infection, itchy, oozing skin
29
Keloid
an overgrowth of scar tissue
30
Nodule
small growth under the skin
31
Petechiae
ruptured skin capillaries
32
Pediculosis
Lice infestation
33
Ringworm (tinea corporis)
fungus infection, circular lesions
34
Rosacea
dilation of facial blood vessels, redness
35
Basal cell carcinoma
sun exposure, new growth does not heal
36
Squamous cell carcinoma
sun exposure, spreads to surrounding tissues (metastasize), common on face and head, less common than basal cell
37
Malignant melanoma
most aggressive; sun exposure, itchy, bleeding mole with changes
38
rules of nine
used to esimate the percentage of the body that is affected by the burn.
39
an adult has __ bones
206
40
Epiphysis
end part of a long bone
41
Diaphysis
the shaft central part of a bone
42
Medullary cavity
hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow
43
short bones
-typically small and round
- found in the wrists and ankles
- carpals, tarsals
44
flat bones
- surface area is falt or curved
- found in the skull and ribs
45
Irregular bones
- shape related to function
- vertebrae, pelvis
46
two bone types
cranial and facial
47
facial bones
mandible: lower jaw
maxilla: upper jaw
zygomatic: cheekbone
48
cervical vertebrae
neck
49
thoracic vertebrae
chest
50
lumbar vertebrae
low back
51
coccyx
tailbone
52
sternum
breastplate
53
ribs
attach to sternum
54
clavicles
collar bones
55
scapulae
shoulder blade
56
___ individual muscles in the body
600
57
skeletal muscle
movement, striated, voluntary
58
smooth
the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and iris of the eyes; involuntary
59
cardiac muscle
heart, involuntary
60
Arthritis
(osteoarthritis)-"wear &
tear"
- degenerative joint disease
- joint stiffness and pain
61
Rheumatoid Arthritis
autoimmune
- chronic systemic inflammatory disease
- visible joint deformity
62
bursitis
joint pain and swelling
63
Ewing sarcoma
type of tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue. ages 10-20 yrs
64
Gout
arthritis due to uric acids crystals in joints
65
Osteogenesis
brittle bone disease, herediary
66
Osteoporosis
disease of the elderly, causes fractures of the spine, loss of height
67
Osteosarcoma
bone cancer that usually develops in the cells (osteoblasts) that form bone, most in young people
68
Kyphosis
hunchback
69
Lordosis
swayback
70
Scoliosis
an abnormal s-shaped curvature of the spine
71
tendonitis
sports related, pain in joints
72
Myasthenia gravis
autoimmune disorder (antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscles) double vision, muscle weakness, difficulty chewing and breathing
73
Tetanus
muscle spasms in jaw and neck caused by the toxin (clostridium tetani) can cause death
74
Hematopoiesis
The process of making blood cells in red bone marrow
75
function of blood
carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and aids in eliminating the waste
76
location of the heart
located in central part of chest, slightly left of the midline(sternum)
77
heart chambers
- two atria; upper chambers
- two ventricles; lower chambers
78
AV Valves
- valves between atria and ventricles
- tricuspid: between right atrium and right ventricle
- bicuspid(mitral): between the left atrium and the left ventricle
79
Semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic
80
Artery/arteroile
- carry blood away from the heart(oxygenated)
- aorta, leaves heart, sends blood oxygenated blood to the body
81
Vein/venule
- carry blood to the heart from the body (deoxygenated)
82
Superior vena cava
brings blood from the head and arms to the heart
83
Inferior Vena Cava
brings blood from the abdomen and legs into the heart
84
Gas Exchange
- pulmonary arteries to lungs
- pulmonary veins from lungs
85
Capillaries
- smallest blood vessels
connects arteries to veins
- aid in exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and cells
86
Heart Rate
number of times your heart beats per minute
87
Heart Rhythm
synchronized pumping action of the four heart chambers
88
Maintenance of the heart's electrical system
- a steady heart rate of 60-100 per minute at rest.
- rate increases during physical activity and lowers during sleep
89
what is called the pacemaker of the heart
SA node: sinoatrial node
90
heartbeat process
- the SA node send out an electrical impulse
- the upper heart chambers (atria) contract
- the av node sends an impulse to the ventricles, through the Bundle of His, to the bundle branches, through the Purkinje fibers.
- the lower heart chambers (ventricles) contract or pump.
- the SA node sends another signal to the atria to contract, which starts the cycle over again
91
Sinoatrial node
- right atrium
- natural pacemaker
- sends impulse to AV node
92
Atrioventricular node
- between atria and just above ventricles
- sends impulse to the bundle of His
93
Bundle of His
- between ventricles
- right and left bundle branches
- sends impulse to Purkinje fibers
94
Purkinje fibers
- lateral walls of ventricles
- ventricles contract
95
Systole
period during which the chamber is contracting and blood is being ejectedD
96
Diastole
period of relaxation during which the chamber is filling
97
Factors affecting blood pressure
- cardiac output: how fast/strong beats; blood volume
- vasoconstriction and vasodilation; blood viscosity(thickness)
98
chest pain
angina
99
cardiac causes
- myocardial infarction(heart attack)
- narrowing of coronary arteries
-atherosclerosis(deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls
100
cause of hypertension
narrowing of the arteries
101
risk factors of hypertension
- obesity
- smoking
- kidney disease
-excessive alcohol intake
102
cause of Coronary artery
- buildup of fat and cholesterol in the arteries
103
risk factors of coronary artery disease
- high fat diet
- smoking
- obesity
- sedentary lifestyle
104
Aneurysm
a buldge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery
105
cause of aneurysm
atherosclerosis
106
risk factors of aneurysm
obesity, smoking, high cholesterol diet
107
congestive heart failure
heart doesn't pump blood as efficient
108
cause of CHF
hypertension, previous heart attack
109
risk factors of CHF
high fat diet, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle
110
Thrombophlebitis
blood clot forms blocking veins in usually in the legs
111
risk factors of thrombophlebitis
- prolonged periods of inactivity
- hormone replacement therapy
- cancer
- paralysis
112
Mitral valve prolaspe
mitral valve does not close smoothly or evenly, causes backflow of blood
113
cause of mitral valve prolaspe
unknown, hereditary
114
symptoms of mitral valve prolaspe
none, SOB, palpitation
115
deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through
superior and inferior vena cava
116
narrowing the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle affects
mitral
117
blood flows from the heart to the lungs by
pulmonary arteries
118
the smallest blood vessels that contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
capillaries
119
documentation regarding the bicuspid valve could be referred to
mitral valve
120
what supplies blood to the heart muscle
coronary arteries
121
chamber contracts and the blood is ejected
systole
