Terms you don't know

Question 1

Go through the times of FP development and what happens at each stage.

Answer 1

0-6: General hand and finger development
6-9: Rapid volar pad growth, hands look like paddles, pads vary in shape, position and size.
10-11: Receding pads, initiates the development of primary ridges through basal cell proliferation.
14-15: Sweat glands form, initial formation of ridged skin due to differentiation in the basal layer, ridges form over the receding volar pads and form patterns and minutae.
15-17: Secondary ridges begin to form in the furrows which signals the end of primary ridge development. Dermal papillae begin to form.
19-20:Primary ridges are complete and can be seen on the surface.
24: Friction ridge development is complete. This is the permanent pattern and detail.

Question 2

Panacryl

Answer 2

Used after gluing, stains a print yellow, to be viewed with yellow glasses at 415-430.

Question 3

Ninhydrin

Answer 3

Broad use amino acid stain (turns Rheuman’s purple). Will fluoresce under 505-530 with orange filters and goggles. Destroys DNA. Takes up to 2 weeks to develop.

Question 4

Indandione

Answer 4

Specific use amino acid stain. Will turn prints a light pink colour but will fluoresce under 505-530. Orange goggles and filters. Heat treat for 20 mins at 100 degrees to speed up process. Can collect DNA within first 6 days. 12 hours if not heat treated.

Question 5

What light spectrums require what glasses colour?

Answer 5

Yellow: UV-445
Orange: 515-560
Red: 515-550

Question 6

DFO

Answer 6

Used for blood treatments. 505-590, orange and red goggles. Will fluroesce. Amino acid treatment. Porous and some semi-porous. Not just blood prints. Must be heated to 100 degrees for 20 mins. No DNA.

Question 7

Three things we should do if we can’t remove a hazard

Answer 7

Isolate, minimise, manage.

Question 8

Three types of hazards we are exposed too

Answer 8

Biological, optical, chemcial

Question 9

What are the three mask types?

Answer 9

Surgical (for DNA only), Particulate mask (for powders and biological matter) and respirator (For chemical)

Question 10

What is the evidence act?

Answer 10

Evidence Act 2006 tells us what evidence we can give and if it is admissible.

Question 11

Section 8 of the Evidence Act

Answer 11

Fairness, and general exclusion of evidence. E.g., prejudice evidence.

Question 12

Section 14 of the Evidence Act

Answer 12

Provisional admission of evidence: if there is a question on admissibility of evidence the judge may admit that evidence subject to it being later offered to show admissibility.

Question 13

Voir Dire

Answer 13

When a jury is excused while a judge listens to facts (preliminary facts) in a hearing to decide admissibility as to not sway the jury.

Question 14

Section 15 of the Evidence Act

Answer 14

Evidence given to establish admissibility. Evidence given by a witness to prove the facts necessary for deciding whether some evidence should be admitted in a proceeding.

Question 15

Section 18 of the Evidence Act

Answer 15

Contains the main exceptions to the exclusionary rule that hearsay may be admissible if the person is unavailable, or it would cause undue expense or delay in obtaining the witness.

Question 16

What is propensity evidence?

Answer 16

Evidence that tends to show a person’s tendency to act in a particular way or to have a particular state of mind.

Question 17

Section 23 of the Evidence Act

Answer 17

States that opinions are not admissible to prove the truth of what is believed or inferred.

Question 18

What is an opinion?

Answer 18

A statement of opinion that tends to disprove or prove a fact. It’s someone’s thoughts, not always the truth.

Question 19

Section 24 of the Evidence Act

Answer 19

States that opinion evidence may be admissible if: the opinion must be the only way to effectively communicate the information, OR, the witness must be stating an opinion (a conclusion, an inference etc) from something personally perceived.

Question 20

Section 25 of the Evidence Act

Answer 20

States the admissibility of an expert witness, whom the judge may determine if they fit the criteria.

Question 21

Evidence

Answer 21

Various things presented in court to prove alleged facts. Can be from a witness or other material e.g., document. May be oral, written, or visual.

Question 22

Admissible

Answer 22

Evidence that the court accepts during the trial so it may be evaluated by a judge or jury.

Question 23

Facts in issue

Answer 23

The ingredients of a case. The prosecution must prove to establish the elements of the offence, e.g., the actions the defendant took. The defendant must prove to succeed with a defence.

Question 24

Disclosure

Answer 24

Information given to defence counsel (or defendant) by the officer in charge of prosecution about the case against them. Could include victim impact statements, defendants statement etc.

Question 25

Types of evidence

Answer 25

Real - physical object Documentary - written statements, documents Personal - what the parties or witnesses say Expert - specialist evidence based on opinion and views

Question 26

C A R T D

Answer 26

Commencement: notified of charged and court appearance through arrest, bail, or summons. Administration: initial appearance of the defendant in court where they receive initial disclosure, legal advice and enter a plea. Review: following a not guilty plea dates are set for a review hearing and a CMM is filed. Prosecution and defence lawyers meet to sign the CMM. Case review hearing is held. Trial: this covers JAT and jury. The defendant is tried. Disposition: The completion of the prosecution and may occur at any stage within the prosecution.

Question 27

Three stages of wound healing

Answer 27

Inflammation Proliferation Maturation

Question 28

Inflammation

Answer 28

First response to injury. The blood vessels contract and start to clot around the wound. White blood cells and antibodies are sent to the wound when the clotting has finished and the blood vessels dilate. Surface skin may turn red and get hot.

Question 29

Proliferation

Answer 29

The wound begins to rebuild using granulation tissue. This tissue is bumpy and grainy, but has collagen and elastin. New blood vessels develop to oxygenate and give nutrients to the new developing skin.

Question 30

Maturation

Answer 30

The final phase when the wound has closed. The skin is remodelled and a scar may form. This may take up to 2 years.

Question 31

Sufficiency

Answer 31

Determining if there is sufficient details or recording of features. Quality and quantity.

Question 32

What do we compare when looking at a print?

Answer 32

Sequential arrangement Spatial arrangement Configurations

Question 33

Why might a print not be an exact replica?

Answer 33

Surface type Manner of which the surface was touched Skin conditions Transfer residue Temperature Development method Preservation method Packaging and handling.

Question 34

What opinions can we come to after analysing a fingerprint?

Answer 34

Identification Elimination Unsuitable Inconclusive

Question 35

Three light angles

Answer 35

Oblique (low angle) - dust Specular (top) - contaminant on reflective surface Dark field illumination (underneath) - prints in sweat, oil, grease on transparent surface

Question 36

Fingerprint examination may produce fluroescence from which four sources?

Answer 36

Native constituents in residue e.g., sweat Foreign substances Intentional chemical enhancement Substrate (background) fluroescence.

Question 37

What are the three glands and what do they secrete?

Answer 37

Sebaceous: fats, oils, waxes and are non-soluble. Eccrine and apocrine: inorganic salts and are water soluble.

Question 38

What is TENR?

Answer 38

Threat Exposure Necessity Response

Question 39

Section 4

Answer 39

Defines the term "expert" as "a person who has specialised knowledge or skill based on training, study, or experience". Judge to determine who qualifies as this.