Terroir, Viticulture - Central and Souther Italy Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
What is the training system primarily used in Eloro DOC?
A
Alberello
2
Q
Falerno del Massico DOC in Campania located on the foothills of the extinct volcana, Roccamonfina.
What soil type is represented in the vineyards?
A
Composed of a layer of volcanic top-soil atop a limestone sub-soil.
3
Q
What are typical soil types of Agliniaco del Taburno DOCG(!)?
A
Calcareous clays nd sandstones with a layer of volcanic material.
4
Q
True or False
Abruzzo is the most mountainous region in central and southern Italy.
A
True
5
Q
True or False
A part of Puglia during the colder months often gets snow to cold air currents moving in from the east?
A
True
the Murge plateau gets snow.
6
Q
What type of climate influences Serrapetrona winegrowing district?
A
Continental - located at the foothills of the Apennines, 30 mi/50 km from the sea
7
Q
List grape characteristics (4) result from Alberello training system.
A
- Low yields
- Grapes high in sugar and extract
- High alcohol wines
- Concentrated flavors
These characteristics were required for the production of Masala and the bulk wine for which Sicilia was known.
8
Q
True or False
Campania has the highest population density in all of Italy.
A
True
9
Q
What geological landscape divide Marche into two climatic halves?
A
Monte Conero promontory
- Area north - more exposure to cool northeastern winds
- Area south of Monte Conero, more Mediterranean and characterized by warm breezy summers and mild winters
10
Q
What are two main training systems used in Toscano today?
A
- Archetto (a variation of Guyot)
- Cordone Speronato (cordon spur)
11
Q
What are two important tributaries of the Tevere (Tiber) river?
A
- Chiascio River
- Paglia River
12
Q
What is the highest sub-range of the Apennine mountainn groups in Marche?
A
Monti Sibillini (in the southwestern corner - 6,500 ft/2,000 m)
13
Q
What strong wind moderates summer heat and reduces humidity in Sardenga?
A
Maestrale (Mistral)
14
Q
What type of soil characterizes Montepulciano, more prevalent at higher altitudes.
Compared to Montalcino or Chianti Classico, are the soils in Montepulicano considerably more or less homegeneous?
A
The sandy soils
More homegeneous
15
Q
True or False
Sicilia’s grape harvest can take place as early as July and as late as November.
A
True
Due to the variation in climate, altitude and temperature, for white varieties in the western portion of the island are harvested as early as July and for red grapes in Etrna, as late as November.
16
Q
Alberello and Tendone training systems were gradually replaced in Sicilia by what modern training systems(2)?
A
Vertical wire trained systems
- Guyot
- Cordone Speronato
17
Q
What is strong winds that blow through the island of Pantelleria 300 days per year called?
A
The hot Sirocco
18
Q
Why did many old Alberello vineyards planted to Primitivo and Negro Amaro have been lost in the late 1980s and 1990s?
A
The EU vine pull schemes introduced to limit the production of bulk wines affected the vineyards of Puglia during that time.
19
Q
What rivers (3) almost completely delimit the winegrowing zone of Montalcino?
A
- Asso River
- Orcia River
- ombrone River
20
Q
What is the Monti Martani?
A
A low-altitude range of mountains and hills within the sub-Appennines in Umbria.
21
Q
What was the tradtional training methods in Marche and what is most prevalent training systems today?
A
- Doppio Capovolto (a variant of Guyot)
- Tendone
- Guyot or Cordone Speronato
22
Q
What type of wines were suited for Tendone vine training system?
A
Higher yielding overhead training system was largely adopted during the 20th century for the production of bulk wine and table grapes.
23
Q
What section of Vesuvio’s slopes is positioned for the vineyards of Vesuvio DOC?
A
The low to mid section of the slopes from 160-1,300 ft /50 - 400m.
24
Q
Among the Archipelago Toscana (Tuscan Archipelago), out of the seven islands, which is the largest?
A
Isola d’Elba
25
What is the benefit of using Alberello training system in Etna DOC?
Alberello is extremely practical at higher altitudes as low training system promotes better ripening.
26
True or False
Umbria is the only landlocked region in the central and southern part of the country.
True
27
Which section of Sicilia is concentrated with most of the vineyards?
The western part of the island
28
What are two active volcanos in volcanic archipelago known as the Aeolian Islands?
* Stromboli
* Vulcano
29
What are the percentage of the following in Basilicata:
* Mountains
* Hills
* Plains
* Mountains: 47%
* Hills: 45%
* Plains: 8%
30
Topographically Chianti Classico is a hilly area with a base elevation of 650 ft/200 m to average peak elevation of 1500 ft/450 m.
Which part of ***Chianti Classico*** hills have higher elevation?
The hills of eastern Chianti Classico are higher in elevation.
The HIllsd in the western side are lower and gentler.
31
Campania boasts some of Italy's latest harvests for dry wines.
When are white grapes Fiano and Greco usually harvested (month)?
For Aglianico, which month ithe grapes can be picked as late?
* Fiano/Greco: October
* Aglianico : November
32
What conditions are suited for ***Alberello*** training system?
Hot sunny and dry conditions
33
Which two regions the Monti della Laga lie on the border with Abruzzo?
Lazio
Marche
34
Which of the following soil types is found in Orvieto and the Bolsena caldera in Umbria:
* Tufo/Tuff
* Tuffeau
* Tufa
***Tufo (tuff)***
35
Name two active volcanos in Italy among the most active and feared on the European continent.
1. Vesuvio in Campania
2. Etrna in Sicily
36
Where does African Sirocco affect?
Western and southern areas of Sicilia are affected by the warm, African Sirocco wind which from the southeast.
37
True or False
Irrigation is NOT permitted in Puglia.
False
Due to low rainfall levels, dry hot summers and the inability of most of Puglia's soils to retain moisture, irrigation is necessary.
Drought-tolerant vine rootstocks are also essential.
38
What percentage compriese hills and mountains in Campania?
More than 80%
39
True or False
The Sicilian Apennines are considered to be an extension of the mainland's Southern Appennines.
True
40
True or False
Irrigation is allowed in Puglia due to well drained nature of the soil.
True
41
What training system is mostly used in Calabria?
***Alberello***
42
This winegrowing region in ***Umbria*** is one of the very few places in Italy to have the morning fogs in combination with teh mild sunny and breezy afternoons of September and October to allow noble rot to develop.
Name the winegrowing area.
***Orvieto***
43
What sets ***Carmignano*** area apart from nearyby ***Chianti*** zones?
1. Hills are lower elevation - 650 ft/200 m
2. Soils are mostly alberese, clay, shale and sandstone
44
True or False
Basilicata faces both the Ionian and Tyrrhenian Sea.
True
45
Which wine region has one true plain, the coastal plain of Metapontino near the Ionian Sea?
Basilicata
46
What is the largest lake in central and southern Italy, Italy's fourth largest overall, situated entirely within Umbria near the Toscana border?
***Lake Tasimeno***
47
***What is the top soil composed of Vesuvio DOC - Lacrima del Vesuvio DOC(!)?***
The top soil is composed of deep layers of volcanic ash and pulverized lava.
48
What are the percentages of the following in Molise:
* Mountains
* Hills
* Plains
* Mountains: 55%
* Hills: 45%
* Plains: negligible
49
What are the percentages of the followings in Calabria:
* Mountains
* Hills
* Plains
* Mountains: 42%
* Hills: 49%
* Plains: 9%
50
What three islands are situated not too far offsore from Campania?
* Capri
* Volcanic island - ischia
* Volicanic island - Procida
51
The City of Matera's “old time” is home to ancient cave dwellings?
What are then called?
What is the primary soil type of Matera area?
“Sassi di Matera” (Stones of Matera), recognized UNESCO World Heritage site.
The soil here is clay.
52
What is the primary soil type of the Offida winegrowing area?
Clay except for the coastal strip which is mostly comprised of san and gravel.
53
What are two rivers traversed in Irpinia region in Campania?
1. Calore River
2. Sabaro River
54
Why are old vines growing commonplace in around Etna, Aeolian Islands and Pantelleria?
Because phylloxera cannot survive in the loose and sandy volcanic soils.
55
What the percentage of the followings in Sardegna:
* Mountains
* Hills
* Plains
* Mountains: 14%
* Hills: 68%
* Plains: 18%
56
What ocean separates Sardegna from Italy to the east and what separates Sardegna from the French island of Corsica to the north?
* Tyrrhenian Sea
* Bocche di Bonifacio (Strait of Bonifacio)
57
What is climate of Sicilia?
The Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
58
What is man-man made reservoir near the Laizio border in the southwestern corner of Umbria?
***Lake Corbara***
59
Where in Umbria found the soil type ***Tufo (Tuff)***, volcanic soils, balsalt and pyroclatic flow deposits?
Umbria's southwestern corner around ***Orvieto*** and the ***Bolsena caldera.***
60
True or False
The soils of Castelli di Jesi winegrowing area is mainly composed of calccareous clay.
True
61
Which river is the largest and longest in Toscana?
**The Arno (passes several major cities and empties into the Ligurian Sea).**
62
How can the terriotory of Montalcino be descirbed as?
A corrugaged upland
A series of irregular hills, slopes and ridges rise to form roughtly four irregular slopes that depart from the borders of the square and converge towards the central part of the appellation in proximity of the town.
63
While the soils of Orvieto are varied, what tis the primary soil types lie south of the city?
***Tufo*** and basalt
64
What soil types are represented in the winegrowing area o Aspirino di Aversa DOC in Campania
Mostly flat and fertile with a ***tufo*** sub soil covered by depp layers of volacanic material.
65
What makes the southern part of Umbria to boast the highest average annunal temperature?
Moderating maritime influence from wam Mediterranean breezes from the Tyrrhenian Sea, funneled through lower mountains and hills in the western half of Umbria.
66
True or False
Sicilia is one of Italy's five autonomous regions.
True
67
What helps ripen the grape of Etna DOC?
Volcanic soils are quite dark in color and allow them to absorb and radiate heat back to the vines.
68
What are three most significant rivers in Sicilia?
* Salso River (also called Imera Meridionale)
* Simeto River
* Belice River
69
What are seven important rivers in Marche which that descent from the Central Apennines to channel oceaninc air currents to the region's interiors?
1. Foglia
2. Metauro
3. Misa
4. Esino
5. Potenza
6. Chienti
7. Tronto
70
Sardegna can be geologically divided into the eastern and western sides.
Note the differences in topography and soil type.
* Eastern side: more mountainous with well worn granite
* Western side: more hills with limestone formation
71
What are five notable mountains in Sardegna?
* Gennargentu Massif (east central)
* Monti Ala (northeast)
* Monte Limbara (northeast)
* Iglesiente (low range, to southwestern corner)
* Sulcis (low range, to southwestern corner)
72
What is Umbria's main valley that vertically bisects the northern half of the region stopping north of Perugia?
***Val Tiberina (Tiber Valley)***
73
The winegrowing area of Matelica is situated in a valley between the Central Apennines in the west and a sub range to the west.
Name the valley.
Camertina Valley
74
Certain areas of Sardegna such as Gallura, Mandrolisai and portions of Sulcis still employ a traditional training system. What is it?
***Alberello***
75
What is the primary soil type in Campi Flegrei and Vesuvio in Campania?
And what benefit did. they experience?
* Volcanic soil
* Prevented wide spread phylloxera and consequently old and ungrafted vines are common
76
What are the perecentages of DOC/G, IGT wines of the total production in Marche?
* DOC/G - 35%
* IGT 30%
* the balance is bulk wine without origin
77
What are soil characteristics of Greco di Tufo DOCG (!)
High in clay content, often mixed with limestone, sand and volcanic material.
They are also rich in sulfur.
78
True or False
The half of Basilicata is taken up by the Southern Apennines.
True
79
What are the percentages of the followings in Sicilia:
* Mountains
* Hills
* Plains
* Mountains: 24%
* Hills: 62%
* Plains: 14%
80
True or False
Elba is the third largest island in Italy.
True
It is 6 mi/10 km off the coast, sandwitched between the Ligurian Sea to the north and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the south.
81
Which area is called "***il gomito d'Italia" (the elbow of Italy)?***
The coast from Ancona to high cliffs of ***Monte Conero*** promontory
82
What are two rivers of significance in Puglia?
1. Ofanto River
2. Fortore River
83
What does the town of Tufo in Campania owe its name to?
Tufaceous subsoil that forms the hill upon which the township sits.
The small village become well known in the late 19th century for its abundant sulfur resources.
84
What is the soil type of ***Frascati DOC/Frascati DOCG (!)***?
***Volcanic***
85
True or False
Puglia is the least mountainous region of Italy.
True
Less than 2% of the total area
86
What river flows north through Greco di Tufo DOCG and Fiano di Avellino DOCG?
The Sabato River
87
Geographically, does Molise lie on the Adriatic or Ionian coast?
The Adriatic coast
88
What separates Sicilia from Calbria?
What separates it from North Africa?
The Strait of Messina
The Canale di Sicilia (Sicilian Channel)
89
What is the training system used Costa d'Amalfi DOC vineyards with low yielding vines growing on their own rootstocks?
Pergola
90
What is climatic risk especially in Maremma and southern Toscana?
Drought
91
What city is the capital of Marche and is one of the Italy's major commercial and fishing ports?
***Ankona***
92
What is the soil type of Marsala winegrowing area primarily?
What is the climate?
Mostly calcareous
Mediterranean
* DOC covers almost the western Sicilia and is one of the driest and warmest of Sicilia.
93
What geographical feature explains Marche's success with white grape varieties and Marche's excellent reqputation for white wine?
Climatic conditions become progressively more continental moving inland towards the Central Apennines, where proximity to the mountains trumps any sea influence, the higher elevation resulting in greater seasonal and diurnal temperature variation.
94
What are the two “spurs” of the Italian boot, representing Puglia's two main peninsulas?
1. Gargano Promontory
2. Salento
95
What does the majority of Montelfalco's soils consist of?
Lacustrine deposits comprised of yellow sand or a sandy-clay mix.
96
What characterizes the landscape of the Manduria winegrowing area?
And typical soil types.
And training system.
Predominantly flat or just lightly undulating.
Reddish iron rich soils composed of sands and clays atop a limestone sub-soil.
Alberello
97
Historically what is the most common type of vine training system in Sicilia?
Ancient ***alberello*** method
98
True or False
Umbria is Italy's hilliest region
True
79% Hills
99
What is the traditional training system of Taurasi DOCG?
***Raggiera system, locally called "Starza".***
100
What is Europe's largest and most active volcano?
Etna in Sicilia
101
What are two specific types of rock characterizes a large part of Toscana?
1. ***Galestro***
2. ***Alberese***
102
What geological feature separates Umbria from Marche?
The Central Apennines
103
What are the landscape makeup of Marche:
* Mountains
* Hills
* Plains
* Mountains: 31 %
* Hills: 69%
* Plains/Coastal Area: Negligible (the region lacks any substantial flat plains)
104
Which half, the southern or northern half has the highest hills in the Castelli di Jesi appellation?
The southern half
105
Which part of Abruzzo the ***Massif of Maiella*** located in?
In the southern part of Abruzzo.
106
What are two active volcanos in the Aeolian Archipelago?
Stromboli and Vulcano
107
What is the traditional training system of Molise?
Pergola Abruzzese
108
What river is the principal and longest river in Campania as well as in southern Italy?
The ***Volturno River***
109
Out of Campania's three main wine districts, which one is ***not*** named after the four historic sub regions listed below;
* Sannio
* Irpinia
* Cilento
* Terra di Lavoro
* Terra di Lavoro
110
Which DOC in Campania has loose well draining volcanic top soil with sub-soils as dolomite limestone with the elevation exceeding 1,600 ft/500 m?
***Costa d'Amalfi DOC(!)***
111
Two rivers and two lakes moderate the climate of Orvieto winegrowing area and provide extra humidity which promotes the formation of early morning fog in autumn.
Name the rivers and lakes.
* The Paglia River
* The Tevere River
* Lake Corbara
* Lake Bolsema
112
What separates Calabria from Sicilia?
The strait of Messina
113
What are soils of ***Malvasia di Bosa(***!)?
The white calcareous soils are rich in marine fossils and rest atop volcanic sub soils/.
114
How are farmers shelter the vines on the island of Pantelleria from strong winds that blow through 300 days per year?
They have traditionally planted vines in ***Conche*** (shallow holes), training the plants very low to the ground in this local version of ***Alberello.***
115
Describe the vineyards in Elba.
Most vineyards lie on steep, narrowly terraced slopes susteained by dry-stone walls; a small percentage on relatively flatter inland areas.
116
What is Italy's second largest plain (the Padana Palin ranks as the largest), located in northern Puglia?
***Tavoliere***
117
What river flows for more than 125 mi/200 km across Umbria into Lazio before emptying into the Tyrrhenian Sea?
The Tevere (Tiber) River
118
True or False
For ***Conero Riserva DOCG***, the word "***Riserva"*** is mandatory on the label.
True
119
What soil type is present in the northern part of Puglia such as Tavoliere?
The presence of alluvial soils pm the flatter areas with the gently rolling hills that lie on both sides of the Ofanto River have sandy-gravely soils of marine origin.
120
Is the climate of Montefalco more of continental or Mediterranean?
Continental as it is further east than most other Umbrian appellations.
121
What are two principal rivers in Calabria?
* Crati River
* Nero River
122
What is the capital of Abruzzo which is located inland and is one of the coldest cities in Italy?
L'Aquila
123
What island is the second largest int he Mediterranean Sea (after Sicilia) and the third largest Italian region overall after Sicilia and Piemonte?
Sardegna
124
While vineyards in Irpinia wine region are on hills. often at significant elevations, what is a common feature of its soil types?
Volcanic soils rich in minerals
125
What soils form the majority of Chianti Classico?
***Galestro*** alternativing with ***alberse*** and sandstone (locally known as ***macigno***).
126
What geological feature separates the winegrowing area of Montepuliciano?
Which town is surrounded by which poartion?
***Val di Chiano*** separates the Montepuliciano winegrowing area - the wast portion includes the hillls around the town of Montepulciano.
The smaller easter portion of the appellation encompasses the hills surrouding the hamlet of Valiano.
127
What are the percentages of the following in Abruzzo:
* Mountains
* Hilis
* Plains
* Mountains: 65%
* Hills: 35%
* Plains: Less than 1%
128
What characterize the soil type of Puglia?
Rich in iron oxide and. the reddish color earned them the name “terra rossa” (red soil).
129
What wine region is surrounded by the following small islands:
* Asinara
* Maddalena Archipelago
* Tavolara
* San Pietro
* Samt'Antioco
Sardegna
130
Where in Umbria the Sub-Appennines located?
A group of non-contiguous mountains that lie scattered in the western half of the region.
131
What are soil types of:
1. Area around Matelica and Serrapetrona
2. Castelli di Jesi and hills around Ascoli Piceno
1. Sandstone, marl and clay
2. Calcareous clay
132
What are the percentages of the following in Puglia:
* Mountains
* Hills
* Plains
* Mountains: 2%
* Hills: 45%
* Plains: 53%
133
What are soil types of Faro DOC?
Predominantly alluvial with more sand content along the Ionian coast and more clay along the Tyrrehenian coast. Sub soils are metamorphic rock such as schist.
134
How can one characterize soil types of Taurasi DOCG?
Mostly composed oof calcareous-clays and marine origin limestone interspersed with volcanic materials such as ash, tuff, lapilli and pumices with pockets of sandy clays and sandstone.
135
Where in Puglia one of largest karst landscapes found?
Inland Murge Plateau
136
True or False
Marche is Itlay's hilliest region.
False
It is the second, Umbira is the hilliest.
137
What type of soil characterizes the central part of Puglia?
The Calcareous soils of Murge plateau.
138
What river in Campania flows inland before emptying into the Volturno River?
The Calore River
139
What are soil types of Etna DOC?
Composed of volcanic materials such as lava, lapilli and pumice.
Sandy, loose well drained, deep, mineral rich and abundant in volcanic rock with the sub soil composed of lava.
140
Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG and Vittoria DOC are known of pockets top soil.
What is the soil called and what grape is said to be ideal for the soil type?
Reddish iron-rich sandy-calcareous top soil known as ***Terra Rossa.***
The soil is considered ideal for ***Frappato.***
141
Which winegrowing region is Italy's largest region and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea?
Sicilia
142
In Campi Flegrei DOC, vines are planted on their own roots and the area has many centenarian vines.
Why?
Soils due to volcanic nature are loose and sandy which stopped the spread of phylloxera.
143
What type of climate is typical on most of Puglia?
Mediterranean
One of the warmest and driest regions of Italy
144
What is the largest plain in Sardegna?
Campidano
145
What three soil types are typical in Serrapetrona?
Vary from clay and marl to sandstone
146
On the Toscana landscape, list the ratio of topography (hills, mountains and plains) from the most to least?
1. Hills (67%)
2. Mountains (25%)
3. Plains (8%)
147
What is the highest and largest active volcano in Europe and Italy's highest mountain peak south of the Alps?
Mt Etna (10,000 ft/3,000 m above the sea; 90 mi/140 km basal circumference)
148
What geological feature is located in the north of Abruzzo and possesses Abruzzo's highest peaks reaching almost 9,800 ft/3,000 m above the sea level?
***The Massif of Gran Sasso***
149
What are traditional vine training systems (2) of Puglia?
1. ***Alberello*** - ancient free standing bush vine
2. ***Tendone***
150
Where are hills mostly located in Puglia (2)?
1. The central calcareous plateau of Murge
2. Southern Salento
151
What are significant rivers that run from the Apennines towards the coast to empty into the Adriatic Sea?
1. Aterno-Pescara River (the longest)
2. Sangro River
3. Tordino River
4. Vomano River
5. Tronto River
152
Is Umbria's climate more Mediterranean or Continental or both?
Transitional
The westerna half leans towards a more Mediterranean climate.
The central and eastern portions are increasingly continental due to the Central Apennines.
153
Which wine region is Italy's easternmost region and forms the heel of Italy's “boot”?
Puglia
154
Maremma, a large historic geographic area shared between Toscana and Lazio, is divided into three main areas. List the three areas.
1. The northern Tuscan Maremma (Alta Maremma)
2. the southern Tuscan Maremma (Maremma Grossetana)
3. the Maremma Laziale
(Note: the southern Tuscan Maremma or Maremma Grossetana is often simplly called Maremma.)
155
Describe soil formation of Montalcino
* Lower elevation has marine deposits consisting of clay and sand
* At higher altitude older, pooerer and shallower soils with high proportion of gravels and stones, characterized by the presence of ***galestro*** and ***alberese.***
156
What river flows through the Matelica district's northern half and which river raverses the southern half?
1. The Esino River in the north
2. The Potenza River in the southern half
157
What is the capital of Sardegna?
Cagliari
158
What lake moderates the macroclimate west of Perugia?
What two lakes serve to temper climate in the southwestern Umbria?
* The presence of the large shallow Lake Tasimeno
* Lake Corbara
* Lazio's volcanic crater lake, Bolsena
159
Which area in Umbria have the soils of ***alluvial and lacustrine*** deposits found?
In the hills and valleys of Umbria's central secion in which ancient alke ***Lake Tiberino*** once was.
160
What are the percentage of the following land features in Umbria:
* Hills
* Mountains
* Plains
* Hills: 71%
* Mountains: 29%
* Plains: Nearly non existent
161
Where in Puglia is the hottest area?
Salento Peninsular
162
Which two oceans does Sicilia face?
Tyrrhenian Sea to the north
Ionian Sea to the east
163
What is the body of water that flanks Sardegna's west coast called?
***Mar di Sardegna***
164
What is the highest and most specutacular cliff on the Italian peninsula's eastern side, reaching 1,876 ft/572 m in elevation?
***Monte Conero (also known as Monte d'Ancona)***
165
List two soil types of Fiano di Avellino DOCG(!)?
Rich in volcanic elements and high in clay
166
True or False
Sardegna is one of Italy's five autonomous region
True
167
What is the climate of Montalcino?
Mostly Mediterranean
Due to its location and elevation, the area is marked by significant diurnal temperature swings.
The climage is milder and warmer allowing Sangiovese to achieve ripeness more easily and consistently and this growing environment explains Montalcino historically has been 100% Sangiovese.
168
Along with River Arno, the largest and longest rivers in Toscana, list two other rivers in the southern part of Toscana.
1. The Ombrone River
2. The Orcia River
169
Toscana is influenced by two climates - which area receives which climate and what are two major climatic influences in Toscana?
1. The Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas exert a Mediterranean influence that is naturally strongest on the coast.
2. Mediterranean influences decrease further inland and conditions become more continental.
3. The Appeninnes to the north protect the region from cool air currents (from the north) and form a rain barrier that makes the coastal and central-southern part of the region driest.
170
In Campanis rainfall levels are relatively ample for such a southern region OR drier compared to other such regions?
Ample rainfall
171
What training system is generally used in Etna DOC?
Alberello
(some of the vines are pre-phylloxera and are growing their own rootstocks)
172
True or False
Marche is a stronghold for organic viticulture (viticoltura biological).
True
Almost 20% of Marche's vienyard area is farmed organically.
173
What “promontory” in Puglia is a calcareous massif on the northern coast that rises 3,200 ft/1,000 m above sea level?
The Gargano Promontory
174
What topographical features delimit Chianti Classico winegrowing area:
1. To the east
2. To the west
3. To the north
What city is located to the north and to the south?
1. The Mount del Chianti (Chianti Mountains) to the east
2. The Elsa Valley to the west
3. Arno River Basin to the north
1. Firenze to the north
2. Siena to the south
175
What are three small rivers traverse the Chianti Classico district?
* The Pesa and the Greve Rivers flow north and empty into the Arno River Basin
* The Arbia River flows south and empties into the Ombrone River
176
What traditional training system in the island of Pantelleria was added to UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2014?
***Alberello Pantesco*** - traditional low bush-trained ***alberello*** training system
177
True or False
Umbria is the second smallest region.
False
Italy's fifth smallest
178
What type of soil formation the extraordinay hill top appellaiton Orivieto is on?
On ***Tuff cliff (locally called la rupe)*** overlooking the ***Paglia River Valley.***
179
Which region is the largest in the central Italian regions?
Toscana
180
What type of soils (4) are prevalent in Campi Flegrei DOC?
Deep volcanic soils composed of layers of volcanic ash, lapilli, pumices and yellow tufos (tuff) rocks.
181
What is the traditional training method in Abruzzo?
Pergola Abruzzese (a variety of tendone)
Many areas hace converted to Cordone Speronato and guyot now.
182
Which winegrowing area is close to sea resorts of Portonovo, Sirolo and Numana, flocked by tourists during the summar month as well as sharing the area with a nature preserve?
***Conero Riserve DOCG and Rosso Conero DOC (!)***
183
True or False
Abruzzo region is considered to be one of the most densely planted in central and southern Italy/
True
184
What two rivers traverse the Castelli di Jesi appellation in the north and south?
* The small Misa River in the north
* The Esino River in the soutj
* The Esino River Valley roughly corresponds to the historic wiengrowing zone (now designated as ***classico***)
185
The following three rivers are the most important in which wine region:
* Bradano
* Basento
* Agri
Basilicata
186
What island is Sicilia's largest and is the closest Italian outpost to North Africa?
The island of Pantelleria
