Terror Flashcards
(24 cards)
September massacres
Sept 1792
Deaths September massacres
Andress - 1200/1500 civilians
Abbaye stats
250 of 450 prisoners spared
Carnes
115 of 160 executed
Sentences September massacres
7 in 10 condemned of brigandage (Andress)
Total deaths terror
14000 (W Doyle)
Revolts in…
49 of 83 departments
Dumouriez defects:
1793
Brunswick Manifesto
August 1792
Quote: Armées Révolutionairres
“The weapon of the economic interests of the urban sans-culottes”
Events at Lyon
3 month siege late 1793
2000 dead over the winter to 1794 (partially punishments afterwards)
Eg. Leader of Vendée revolt
Marquis de Bonchamps
Vendean army:
Royal and Catholic Army
Representative on Mission for Vendée
Carrier - drowned nearly 2000 at Nantes (Loire). Executed December 1794 after a trial.
Key mechanisms of Terror
Committees of General Security (legislation, justice) and Public Safety (war effort), surveillance Committees in localities, Revolutionary Tribunal (created 1793), Food committee (grain requisitioning)
Key legislation:
Sept 1793 law of suspects, General Maximum. Oct 93 decree of emergency government. Dec 93 Frimairie law (increased power to committees). June 94 law of Prairial (speed up dealing with suspects - less evidence/no defence)
Deaths from Thermidorean Reaction
2000
Closure of Jacobin club
1794
Date Thermidor coup
27th July 1794
Thermidor coup: causes
Festival of Supreme Being, R’s seclusion and announcement of an internal threat, discomfort with Terror in the Convention. Results in dissolution of the machinery of the terror and change in Constitution.
Dates of terror
1793-94
Soboul
Terror was “both response and anticipation” of war
R’s speech 5 Feb 1794 (trans R Bienvenu)
“Terror is nothing but prompt, severe, inflexible justice”
“We must smother internal and external enemies of the Republic or perish”
R Cobb - Armées Révolutionnaires
Essentially became “the weapon of the economic interests of the urban sans-culottes”
