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Modern Studies > Terrorism Exam S2 March 2024 > Flashcards

Terrorism Exam S2 March 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

What is terrorism?

A

Terrorism is the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially aginst civilians, in the pursuit of political aims by non-state actors

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2
Q

What happened on 9/11?

A

A group of nineteen terrorists from Saudi Arabia hijacked four aircraft and intentionally crashed them into important US buildings.

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3
Q

What did each of the planes fly into?

A

.Flight 11 crashed into The North Tower (WTC)
Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower (WTC)
Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon
Flight 93’s hijacking gets resisted by passengers and crashes into a field near Pittsburgh.

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4
Q

How many people were killed on 9/11?

A

2,996

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5
Q

What did President Bush do after the attacks were committed?

A

He declared a “War on Terror”.

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6
Q

What were some activities carried out by Al-Qaeda prior to the September 11 attacks?

A
  • US embassy bombings in East Africa in 1998
  • Attempted Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)
    bombing in 2000
  • The bombing of the USS Cole in 2000
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7
Q

When and where was Osama Bin Laden killed?

A

The 2nd of May 2022 in his compound in Pakistan. President Obama was in charge at the time.

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8
Q

What methods do ISIL use?

A

Bombing Campaigns

Attacks on major
landmarks/events

Brutal punishments
following specific
Islamic traditions.

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9
Q

What methods do Boko Haram use?

A

Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping - 276 were abducted.

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10
Q

What methods do the IRA use?

A

Bombing campaigns - normally car bombs or Parcel/letter bombs against Northern Irish people or police.

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11
Q

What methods do the Proud Boys use?

A

Tried to overturn the Democratic election of the US in 2020 in favour of Donald Trump.

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12
Q

What is the far-right?

A

The far-right promotes ultra-nationalism, sexist, xenophobic, racist, homophobic and anti-communist views. They believe in creating a single group of people, who they perceive as superior and wish to exclude all others.

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13
Q

Who is Tommy Robinson?

A

A far-right ‘activist’/professional social
media agitator.

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14
Q

What was the murder of Jo Cox?

A

Jo Cox MP of the Labour Party was murdered by Neo-Nazi white nationalist Thomas Mair. Thomas Mair had Nazi-related material in his home and had been motivated by hate.

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15
Q

What happened at the 2017 Finsbury Park attack?

A

A radicalised man called Darren Osbourne drove a van into pedestrians in Finsbury Parl, London, after looking
for a mosque. One man was killed and nine others were injured.

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16
Q

What is Cyber-Terrorism?

A

Using computer networks to cause destruction or disruption to generate fear or to intimidate people.

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17
Q

What is the dark web?

A

The dark web requires the user to have software (Like TOR browser) or authorisation to access content that is on the World Wide Web and it allows private communication anonymously.

18
Q

Why carry out cyber attacks?

A
  • They can be conducted remotely from anywhere in the
    world.
  • They can be carried out anonymously, although many
    groups claim credit for their actions.
  • They can be much cheaper to carry out and they don’t
    require weapons, explosives or
    personnel
  • The effects can be widespread and very damaging.
19
Q

What does a cyber attack look like?

A

❖ Backdoor Trojans
❖ DNS tunnelling
❖ Phishing
❖ Ransomware

20
Q

What is the WannaCry Attack?

A

A ransomware attack in 2017 that affected 200,000 computers. The attack succeeded in disrupting at least 34% of trusts in England. It was eventually stopped by a member of the public. It is estimated to have cost the NHS £92 million.

21
Q

What does GCHQ do?

A

Trying to suppress the amount of online recruitment propaganda used by groups like ISIS and has helped to limit their physical activities. GCHQ supported operations that prevented 19 terrorist attacks.

22
Q

What is ISIL?

A

A group of rebel extremist jihadi Islamic fundamentalists. The members of IS were from the Sunni sect within the Islamic faith.

23
Q

What did ISIL want to achieve?

A
  • The group’s main aim was to establish a “Caliphate”, a state/country ruled by a single political and religious leader called a Caliph.
  • It tried to attract support from Muslims across the world and demanded that all Muslims swear allegiance to its leader.
  • It believed that the enemies of the Sunni people must be destroyed.
24
Q

How did ISIL form?

A

ISIL formed after former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein was toppled. The opportunity arose from the Iraqi government’s unstableness after the war and different groups were competing for power.

25
Q

How many people were killed and injured in the Manchester bombings?

A

22 killed and 800 injured.

26
Q

What is radicalisation?

A

Radicalisation is a process by which individuals or groups come to adopt extreme political, social, or religious views and reject all other views.

27
Q

Why are young people in particular at risk of radicalisation?

A

Because some young people feel isolated and want to belong to something or identify with a group. It often takes place in chatrooms and social media and this makes it very difficult to control.

28
Q

What is counterterrorism?

A

Counterterrorism incorporates the practices, techniques, and strategies governments and intelligence agencies use to combat or prevent terrorism.

29
Q

What are some conventional methods of countering terrorism?

A

Intelligence gathering by MI6 and MI5
Scanners - body and shoes
Tighter restrictions and airport controls on hand luggage, e.g. no liquids over 100ml.

30
Q

What do MI5 and MI6 do?

A

MI5 is the British Security Service that deals with all domestic intelligence matters. They work to combat terrorist plots and gather information about attacks in the UK.

31
Q

What are some arguments for sending terrorists to prison?

A

It takes away their freedom and ability to commit any more attacks, and allows them to think about what they’ve done.

Gain from the prison experience through rehab.

Wrong to take someone’s life, the government has no right. Differentiate us from the terrorists who have killed people.

Possibly they believe in being rewarded in death by their god/s. Death not much of a punishment.

Cheaper than death penalty

32
Q

What are some arguments for the death penalty?

A

Terrorists deserve to be killed. Justice for victims and families. An eye for an eye.

Terrorists don’t deserve “cushy” and “comfortable” lives in prison, and possibly be released back into society.

Fear of prison radicalisation, terrorist spread their beliefs in prison. Possibly helping the recruitment of more terrorists.

Deters the attackers. Some would maybe not mind a life in prison, it might even be better than the life they live outside of it.

33
Q

What is the MOAB?

A

MOAB, or its backronym Mother of All Bombs, is the most powerful non-nuclear bomb America has. It was dropped on an Afghani ISIS cave.
However, after air strikes had increased, reported civilian casualty numbers doubled in Iraq and Syria.

34
Q

What happened to former IS leader Al-Baghdadi? targeting leaders of IS

A

He died during a raid conducted by the US military in northwest Syria. He used to be held in a US detention centre for terrorists and was radicalised there. He blew himself up when he was trapped in a corner.

35
Q

Who did the Trump Travel Ban ban?

A

It blocked people from Muslim countries from entering America for 90 days. It also included a temporary ban on all refugees for 120 days.

36
Q

What countries did Trump ban?

A

Syria (permanent, refugees)
Iraq
Iran
Libya
Somalia
Yemen
Sudan

37
Q

What was unusual about the countries Trump banned?

A

None of the deadly attackers since 9/11 emigrated or came from a family that emigrated from one of the countries affected by the travel ban.

38
Q

What did the third version of the ban include?

A

It included (cynically) countries that were not Muslim to paint Trump as not racist.

39
Q

What were the protests on the travel ban?

A

Thousands gathered at airports and outside the White House to protest against the ban, including lawyers who worked for free to help those affected.

40
Q

Why were the protests successful?

A

The protests were diverse, which was successful because it showed that not just a particular group of people thought it was unjust.
Even former Republican VP Dick Cheney spoke out, saying it went “against everything we stand for”

41
Q

What happened at the Manchester Arena?

A

Salman Abedi detonated a homemade bomb in the foyer after an Ariana Grande concert. His brother had supplied the ingredients, and he was sentenced to life in prison.

42
Q

Why is IS less powerful then it was?

A

It lost control of its Caliphate. Bombing campaigns carried out by the US and Russian air forces, with support from the UK, French, Syrian and Iraqi
governments were largely responsible for the defeat of the brutal regime.

Modern Studies (2 decks)

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