TEST 1

Question 1

The purpose of meiosis is to

Answer 1

Produce haploid gametes

Question 2

Body cells (not sex cells) are known as:

Answer 2

somatic cells

Question 3

What happens during early metaphase of mitosis?

Answer 3

Chromosomes align at metaphase plate

Question 4

The central point that connects the 2 rod-like potions of the chromosomes is know as:

Answer 4

centromere

Question 5

At the end of meiosis, each of the 4 daughter cells, which will be involved in sexual reproduction will exist in a ______ state.

Answer 5

Haploid

Question 6

Which of the following cellular components is responsible for executing the distribution of chromosomes during the process of mitosis?

Answer 6

Microtubules

Question 7

Prior to mitosis, each chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called

Answer 7

sister chromatids

Question 8

Two chromosomes in a nucleus that carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics are

Answer 8

homologous chromosomes

Question 9

What is the final product of mitosis

Answer 9

2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell

Question 10

Which of the following is a phase that occurs during mitosis?

Answer 10

Prophase

NOT Meiosis, S phase, G2 phase, G1 phase

Question 11

How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n=8)?

Answer 11

16

Question 12

Mendel proposed that each individual organism (pea plant) carried how many alleles, or copies of a gene?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

2 plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. What does this suggest?

Answer 13

that the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait

Question 14

According to Mendel’s model, bc of the ______ of chromosomes during meiosis, all possible combinations of gametes will be formed in equal frequency

Answer 14

independent assortment

Question 15

In the cross AaBcCc x AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC?

Answer 15

1/64

Question 16

Which of the following calculations require that you utilize the addition rule (sum rule)?

Answer 16

Calculate the probability of a child having either sickle-cell anemia or cystic fibrosis if parents are each heterozygous for both.

Question 17

Pedigree - disease allele is rare and therefore individuals marrying into the family are unlikely to have the defective allele.

Answer 17

Dominant - its in every generation

Question 18

An organism inherits 2 diff alleles for a single trait, one from its mother and one from its father is known as

Answer 18

Heterozygote

Question 19

The pedigree what is the genotype of individual 5?

Answer 19

aa

Question 20

The principle of segregation states that:

Answer 20

In a heterozygote, 2 diff alleles separate from each other during the formation of gametes.

Question 21

The definition of dominant allele is:

Answer 21

The expressed factor in the heterozygote

Question 22

Which is an example of codominance?

Answer 22

in roan cattle, you can see a mix of both red and white furs

Question 23

Mendel’s monohybrid results served as the basis for all but one of his postulates. Which postulate was not based on these results?

Answer 23

When 2 independent events occur simultaneously, the probability of the 2 outcomes occurring in combination is equal to the product of their individual probabilities of occurrence.
NOT
Genetic characters are controlled by unit factors existing in pairs in individual organisms.
When 2 unlike unit factors responsible for a single character are present in a single individual, one unit factor is dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive.
During the formation of gametes, the paired unit factor separate, or segregate, randomly so that each gamete receives one or the other with equal likelihood.

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the relationship at the molecular level between mutant alleles and phenotype?

Answer 24

A mutant allele can have different effects depending on the gene product’s function.

Question 25

Chi-square analysis can help us to decide whether

Answer 25

our observations of an event from our expectations

Question 26

In tomatoes, red fruit color is dominant (Y) and yellow is recessive (y). A red fruited plant, when crossed with a yellow-fruited plant , produces offspring about half of which are yellow fruited and half of which are red fruited. What are the genotypes of the parents?

Answer 26

Yy and yy

Question 27

Curly hair is caused by a dominant gene in humans. This trait is rare among norther Europeans. If a curly-haired northern European marries a person with straight hair, what proportions of their offspring would be expected to have curly hair, assuming the curly haired individuals was a heterozygote?

Answer 27

50%

Question 28

In a mating between individuals with the genotypes IAi x ii what percentage of the offspring are expected to have the O blood type?

Answer 28

50%

Question 29

The trait of medium sized leaves in iris is determined by the genetic condition PP'. Plants with large leaves are PP, whereas pants with small leaves are P'P'. A cross is made between 2 plants each with medium-sized leaves. What is the term for this allelic relationship?

Answer 29

incomplete dominance

Question 30

Achondroplasia is a form of human dwarfism. If 2 individuals with achondroplasia have children with the following ratio, 2 dwarf to 1 wild type, what is the mems of inheritance of this phenotype?

Answer 30

Dominant lethal

Question 31

A mutation is a gene often results in a reduction of the produce of that gene. The term for this type of mutation is

Answer 31

loss of function mutation

Question 32

The Hydrangea plants in the Tyler neighborhoods usually have blue petals bc of the acidity of the sandy soils. If you wanted to have hydrangeas with pink petals, you read that you need to add garden lime fertilizer to the soil to raise the ph value into the alkaline range. You would conclude that petal color in these plants...

Answer 32

is determined by the environment

Question 33

In cats, there is a gene which causes additional toes in its mutant form. Cats which have this gene variant always have additional toes, but the number of additional toes varies. This is an example of

Answer 33

expressivity.