Test 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
a birth defect in which the brain and bones of the skull don’t form completely while the baby is in the womb.
Anencephaly
In Western ethics and political philosophy, the state or condition of self-governance, or leading one’s life according to reasons, values, or desires that are authentically one’s own. Although it is an ancient notion (the term is derived from the ancient Greek words autos, meaning “self,” and nomos, meaning “rule”), the most-influential conceptions of autonomy are modern, having arisen in the 18th and 19th centuries in the philosophies of, respectively, Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill.
Autonomy
Guided by or in accordance with the dictates of conscience; principled. Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one’s work or duty well and thoroughly.
Conscientious
The discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation. A set of moral principles: a theory or system of moral values.
Ethics
The equal treatment of all rivals or disputants; fairness. Not biased: treating or affecting all equally.
Impartiality
Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
Knowledge
A particular system of values and principles of conduct put forward by a society or a group (such as a religion), or accepted by an individual for her own behavior.
Morality
(from Greek, by way of Latin, philosophia, “love of wisdom”) The study of the basic ideas about knowledge, right and wrong, reasoning, and the value of things. The rational, abstract, and methodical consideration of reality as a whole or of fundamental dimensions of human existence and experience.
Philosophy
The power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic. A cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event.
Reason
An idea or course of action that seems to lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous, a course of action is rejected because, with little or no evidence, one insists that it will lead to a chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or ends.
Slippery Slope
A method of inquiry employed by Socrates that forces students to define, articulate, and apply their thoughts. The teacher imparts no information, but asks a sequence of questions, through answering which the pupil eventually comes to the desired knowledge.
Socratic Method
anyone who is impacted by a decision-maker’s decision.
Stakeholder
Existent or operative everywhere or under all conditions. A characteristic or property that particular things have in common.
Universal
The quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment. The ability to use your experience and knowledge in order to make sensible decisions or judgments.
Wisdom
The science of humanity,” which studies human beings in aspects ranging from the biology and evolutionary history of Homo sapiens to the features of society and culture that decisively distinguish humans from other animal species.
Anthropology
The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
Colonization
The position that there is no universal standard to measure cultures by, and that all cultures are equally valid and must be understood in their own terms.
Cultural relativism
Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
Excision
The traditional behavior or way of life of a particular community or group of people.
Folkways
The killing of the newborn. It has often been interpreted as a primitive method of birth control and a means of ridding a group of its weak and deformed children; but most societies actively desire children and put them to death (or allow them to die) only under exceptional circumstances.
Infanticide
The practice of engaging in multiple romantic (and typically sexual) relationships, with the consent of all the people involved.
Polyamory
a core that every moral theory should accept as a starting point
minimum conception of reality
