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A&P I > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Phospholipid layer with associated integral and peripheral proteins

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

The lipid bilayer consists of:

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

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3
Q

Amphipathic

A

Having both polar and nonpolar parts

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4
Q

Mediates membrane fluidity in the bilayer

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

Allow specific ions to move through water filled pore

A

Ion channels (integral)

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6
Q

Carry specific substances across membrane by changing shape

A

Carriers (integral)

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7
Q

Recognize specific ligand and alter cell’s function

A

Receptor (integral)

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8
Q

Catalyze reaction inside or outside cell and splits (hydrolysis) molecules

A

Enzymes (integral and peripheral)

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9
Q

Anchors filaments in/outside of plasma membrane

A

Linkers (integral and peripheral)

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10
Q

Glycoprotein that distinguishes cells from other cells

A

Cell-identify markers

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11
Q

Where is the glycocalyx found?

A

On the outside of the plasma membrane

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12
Q

Equal concentration of solutes

A

Isotonic

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13
Q

Lower concentration of solutes

A

Hypotonic

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14
Q

Higher concentration of solutes

A

Hypertonic

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15
Q

Secondary Active Transport

A

Energy stored in Na+ or H+ concentration gradient drives other substances against their concentration gradient

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16
Q

Antiporters

A

Carry two substances across cell membrane in opposite directions

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17
Q

Symporters

A

Carry two substances across cell membrane in same direction

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18
Q

Cancerous neoplasm (tumor) that tends to metastasize

A

Malignancy

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19
Q

Neoplasm that doesn’t metastasize

A

Benign tumor

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20
Q

Malignant neoplasm (tumor) that arises from epithelial cells

A

Carcinoma

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21
Q

Cancerous growth of melanocytes

A

Melanoma

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22
Q

Cancer arising from muscle cells/connective tissue

A

Sarcoma

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23
Q

Cancer of bone

A

Osteogenic sarcoma

24
Q

Science that deals with why, when, where diseases occur

A

Epidemiology

25
Q

Decrease in size of cells, tissue or organ

A

Atrophy

26
Q

Alteration in size, shape, organization of cells due to chronic irritation/inflammation

A

Dysplasia

27
Q

Increase in number of cells in a tissue due to increase in frequency of cell division

A

Hyperplasia

28
Q

Increase in size of cell without cell division

A

Hypertrophy

29
Q

Study of proteome (organism’s proteins)

A

Proteomics

30
Q

Carrier of genetic information: single, double stranded DNA molecule

A

Chromasome

31
Q

Two molecules of double stranded DNA joined in the center by a centromere

A

Chromatid

32
Q

Ordinary chromosome that doesn’t determine sex

A

Autosome

33
Q

Chromosome with same linear sequence of genes, look alike, pair during meiosis

A

Homologous chromosome

34
Q

DNA sequence at tips of chromosomes

A

Telomere

35
Q

Number of chromosomes

Number of gametes

A

46

23

36
Q

Copying of specific DNA to produce mRNA

A

Transcription

37
Q

Assembly of new protein molecule using its amino acid building blocks (specified my mRNA)

A

Translation

38
Q

When an individual is born with chromosomes added or missing

A

Aneuploidy

39
Q

Cell missing 1 chromosome

A

Monosomy

40
Q

Cell has additional chromosome

A

Trisomy

41
Q

Rh factor incompatibility causes what disease in second pregnancy?

A

Hemolytic disease

42
Q

Symbology for Turner Syndrome

A

45, XO

43
Q

Symbology for Klinefelter syndrome

A

47, XXY

44
Q

Symbology for Down’s syndrome

A

47, XX, +21

45
Q

Types of nondisjunction

A

Monosomy (loss of chromosome)

Trisomy (gain of chromosome)

46
Q

Transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherin attach to plaque, plaque attaches to microfilaments (actin)

A

Adherins junctions

47
Q

Transmembrane glycoproteins (cadherin) attach to plaque, plaque attached to intermediate filaments (keratin)

A

Desmosomes

48
Q

Transmembrane glycoproteins called integrin attach plaque to basement membrane, plaque attaches to intermediate filaments (keratin)

A

Hemidesmosome

49
Q

Transmembrane proteins called connexins form connexon channels between plasma membranes

A

Gap junctions

50
Q

Free surface of epithelial tissue is called ________

A

Apical

51
Q

The basal layer of the epithelium secretes ____________; the underlying C.T. secretes ____________

A

Basal lamina, reticular lamina

52
Q

Transitional epithelium is found in the ___________

A

Bladder

53
Q

Merocrine glands secrete products by ___________

A

Exocytosis

54
Q

Apocrine glands secrete their products by ___________

A

Budding/decapitation

55
Q

Holocrine glands release their secretions by

A

Rupturing plasma membrane

56
Q

Inelastic, flexible fibers arranged in parallel bundles; most abundant protein in the body

A

Collagen

57
Q

Fine bundles of collagen coated with glycoprotein; form stroma of soft organs

A

Reticular fibers

A&P I (3 decks)

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