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A&P I > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Phospholipid layer with associated integral and peripheral proteins

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

The lipid bilayer consists of:

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

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3
Q

Amphipathic

A

Having both polar and nonpolar parts

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4
Q

Mediates membrane fluidity in the bilayer

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

Allow specific ions to move through water filled pore

A

Ion channels (integral)

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6
Q

Carry specific substances across membrane by changing shape

A

Carriers (integral)

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7
Q

Recognize specific ligand and alter cell’s function

A

Receptor (integral)

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8
Q

Catalyze reaction inside or outside cell and splits (hydrolysis) molecules

A

Enzymes (integral and peripheral)

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9
Q

Anchors filaments in/outside of plasma membrane

A

Linkers (integral and peripheral)

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10
Q

Glycoprotein that distinguishes cells from other cells

A

Cell-identify markers

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11
Q

Where is the glycocalyx found?

A

On the outside of the plasma membrane

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12
Q

Equal concentration of solutes

A

Isotonic

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13
Q

Lower concentration of solutes

A

Hypotonic

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14
Q

Higher concentration of solutes

A

Hypertonic

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15
Q

Secondary Active Transport

A

Energy stored in Na+ or H+ concentration gradient drives other substances against their concentration gradient

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16
Q

Antiporters

A

Carry two substances across cell membrane in opposite directions

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17
Q

Symporters

A

Carry two substances across cell membrane in same direction

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18
Q

Cancerous neoplasm (tumor) that tends to metastasize

A

Malignancy

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19
Q

Neoplasm that doesn’t metastasize

A

Benign tumor

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20
Q

Malignant neoplasm (tumor) that arises from epithelial cells

A

Carcinoma

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21
Q

Cancerous growth of melanocytes

A

Melanoma

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22
Q

Cancer arising from muscle cells/connective tissue

A

Sarcoma

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23
Q

Cancer of bone

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A

Osteogenic sarcoma

24
Q

Science that deals with why, when, where diseases occur

25
Decrease in size of cells, tissue or organ
Atrophy
26
Alteration in size, shape, organization of cells due to chronic irritation/inflammation
Dysplasia
27
Increase in number of cells in a tissue due to increase in frequency of cell division
Hyperplasia
28
Increase in size of cell without cell division
Hypertrophy
29
Study of proteome (organism’s proteins)
Proteomics
30
Carrier of genetic information: single, double stranded DNA molecule
Chromasome
31
Two molecules of double stranded DNA joined in the center by a centromere
Chromatid
32
Ordinary chromosome that doesn’t determine sex
Autosome
33
Chromosome with same linear sequence of genes, look alike, pair during meiosis
Homologous chromosome
34
DNA sequence at tips of chromosomes
Telomere
35
Number of chromosomes Number of gametes
46 23
36
Copying of specific DNA to produce mRNA
Transcription
37
Assembly of new protein molecule using its amino acid building blocks (specified my mRNA)
Translation
38
When an individual is born with chromosomes added or missing
Aneuploidy
39
Cell missing 1 chromosome
Monosomy
40
Cell has additional chromosome
Trisomy
41
Rh factor incompatibility causes what disease in second pregnancy?
Hemolytic disease
42
Symbology for Turner Syndrome
45, XO
43
Symbology for Klinefelter syndrome
47, XXY
44
Symbology for Down’s syndrome
47, XX, +21
45
Types of nondisjunction
Monosomy (loss of chromosome) Trisomy (gain of chromosome)
46
Transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherin attach to plaque, plaque attaches to microfilaments (actin)
Adherins junctions
47
Transmembrane glycoproteins (cadherin) attach to plaque, plaque attached to intermediate filaments (keratin)
Desmosomes
48
Transmembrane glycoproteins called integrin attach plaque to basement membrane, plaque attaches to intermediate filaments (keratin)
Hemidesmosome
49
Transmembrane proteins called connexins form connexon channels between plasma membranes
Gap junctions
50
Free surface of epithelial tissue is called ________
Apical
51
The basal layer of the epithelium secretes ____________; the underlying C.T. secretes ____________
Basal lamina, reticular lamina
52
Transitional epithelium is found in the ___________
Bladder
53
Merocrine glands secrete products by ___________
Exocytosis
54
Apocrine glands secrete their products by ___________
Budding/decapitation
55
Holocrine glands release their secretions by
Rupturing plasma membrane
56
Inelastic, flexible fibers arranged in parallel bundles; most abundant protein in the body
Collagen
57
Fine bundles of collagen coated with glycoprotein; form stroma of soft organs
Reticular fibers

A&P I (3 decks)

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