test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
chemical drug name
A
only one name for each med.
name comes from ingredients
2
Q
father of modern pharm
A
John Jacob Abel
3
Q
therapeutics
A
focuses on disease prevention as well as treatment and pain
4
Q
pharmotherapy
A
application of drugs for treating and alleviating pain
5
Q
biosimilar drugs
A
close but not equivalent to the name brand
6
Q
generic drug names
A
only one drug name
less complicated and easier to remember
7
Q
bioavailability
A
amount of drug that enters systemic circulation and reaches the target organ or tissue
-dependent on dose, form (how body absorbs) or metabolsim
-fastest way is thru IV
8
Q
mm to cm
A
1cm is equal to 10 mm
9
Q
cm to m
A
1 meter is equal to 100 cm
10
Q
m to km
A
1 km is equal to 1000 meters
11
Q
mcg to mg
A
1mg is equal to 1000 mcg
12
Q
mg to g
A
1 g is equal to 1000 mg
13
Q
kg to g
A
1 kg is equal to 100 g
14
Q
mL to L
A
1 L is 1000 mL
15
Q
dL to L
A
1 L is 10 dL
16
Q
lbs to kg
A
1 kg is 2.2 lbs
17
Q
tsp to mL
A
5 mL Is 1 tsp
18
Q
Tbsp to mL
A
15 mL is 1 Tbsp
19
Q
oz to mL
A
30 mL is 1 oz
20
Q
c to mL
A
240 mL is 1 c
21
Q
milliequivilant (mEq)
A
measures the ability of a substance to mix w another substance
22
Q
when you convert small to large you
A
move the decimal to the left
23
Q
converting large to small
A
move decimal to right
24
Q
black box warnings
A
dangerous possible effects
25
4 phase therapeutic
preclinical investigation
clinical investigation
review of new drug app
post market surveillance
26
withdrawl
physical discomfort felt by individual when substance isn't used
27
schedule 1 drug
highest potential for abuse
28
schedule V drug
least potential for abuse
29
teratogenic
has potential to effect un born child
X- unsafe
A- safest
30
pharmacokinetics
how the body handles meds
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
31
absorption
movement from site of administration , across body to circulation
32
distribution
transport of drug from circulation to body tissue. effected by blood flow
33
metabolism
chemically converts drugs so it can be easily removed from body
34
first pass effect
drug absorbed- goes to liver- metabolizes- leaves liver- distributed to general circulation
35
primary site of excretion
kidneys
36
enterohepatic recirculation
some drugs excreted in bile. recirculates. prolongs activity- could lead to toxicity
37
drug plasma concent
concent of med at target tissue
38
length of time needed to decrease drug concent by one half
half life.
the greater half life, longer it takes to excrete
39
loading dose
higher amount of drug given, quickly produces therapeutic effect
40
pharmacodynamics
how a med changes the body
41
therapeutic index
measure of drug safety
*Higher value, safer drug
42
potency
dose needed to produce effect
-higher potency, lower therapeutic
43
efficacy
magnitude of maximal response that can be produced by particular drug
44
drug attaches to receptor:
alpha or beta
45
agonist
limit receptor
46
parcial agonist
weaker, less effective response
47
antagonist
occupy receptor, doesn't activate. no response
48
6 rights
Right patient
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
49
3 checks
Check 1- check time of admin, name and dose against MAR
Check 2- checking meds w MAR after attained and before going to patient room
Check 3- check MAR 3 times ensuring right patient is about to receive right med
50
Nurse practice acts
Defines a nurses scope of practice and responsibility
51
Unit dose medication
One time dose. Packaged individually
52
Multiple dose system
Holds more than one dose
53
Automated medication dispensing
Computer operated storage and dispensing Device need for medication and supplies
they are locked in drawers
you need ID to access
54
Who do you see if you have a question about medication
Pharmacist
55
Who do you ask you a question about an order
The provider
56
Medication reconciliation
Get a list of every single med patient takes at home
57
Healthcare contributing to med errors
Failing system check
Failing to take into account for the patience variables like their age
Giving meds based on verbal orders or phone
Giving meds for incomplete order
Practicing under stressful work
58
 patient contributing to med errors
Taking drugs prescribed by several practitioners
Getting prescription filled at more than one pharmacy
Not refilling meds
Taking meds and correctly
Taking leftover meds from something else
Taking someone else’s meds
59
Investigating errors
What happened, why and what can we do from doing it again
60
Reporting a documenting med errors
Must be documented in med record
Must have a report what happened record given to hospital
This is coordinated by FDA
61
Sentinel
Unexpected occurrence involving death or harm
Always investigated
RCA (root cause analysis) intervention
62
Reducing med errors- assessment
Assess food and med allergies
Assess current health concerns
Assess use of OTC and herbal supplements
Review recent lab test
Assess liver, kidney and other body functions
Review recent physical assessment findings
Identify need for education
63
Strategies for reducing meds- planning
Avoid abbreviations
Question unclear orders
Ask patient to demonstrate understanding
64
strategies for reducing meds- implementation
be aware of distractions
confirm patient swallowed med
be alert for meds that look and sound alike
verify 2 patient IDs
calculate correctly
record on MAR as soon as given
65
strategies for reducing meds- evaluation
assess for patient outcome
determine adverse effects
66
adverse effect
effect that shouldn't be happening from a med
67
side effect
expected from meds
68
what to have for med order
patient idetifying info
date and time order was written/ e entered
name of med
med dosage
route of admin
freq. and time of med
prescribers name and credentials
name of person transcribing order
69
ways meds can be write
handwritten
electronically
verbal/ phone only in emergency
70
STAT order
immediately
71
standard order
prewritten, standardized
DR has to individualize base on patient need
72
PRN
med as needed
73
prescription needs to contain on it:
superscription, inscription, subscription, signature
74
med labels contain
brand/trade name
chemical and generic drug name
national drug code- 10 digits
form of med
route of admin
dosage strength
lot number and exp date
other info: warnings, usual dosage, storage
75
MAR contains
demographics, allergies, date, time of admin, med info, ID of person administering,
76
tablets
chewable, coated, efferyescent, modified release, multilayer, soluble, troche, lozenge
77
capsule
immediately acting, delayed/extended release
78
granule
small particle has active ingrediant
79
liquid meds
solutions, suspensions, emulsions, elixers, syrups
80
measuring oral liquids
oral syringe, dropper, cylindrical spoon
81
injections
skin, subcut, muscle, vein
82
syringes
hyper-dermic
1 mL also called TB
insulin in units. only for insulin
83
reconstitution
volume of diluent added to reconstitute a med is not always equal to reconstituted volume because the powder adds volume. a filter needle or IV is needed
make sure to write expiration date and amount of diluent added and final concent of med
84
suppositories
medications that are mixed in a base of glycerin or cocoa butter and are administered rectally or vaginally
85
troches, pastilles, lozenges
dissolve in mouth
86
syrups
med in thick, sweetened, flavored base
87
elixirs
med mixed in base of water and alcohol
88
suspensions
undissolved particles of med suspended in oil or water base. must be shaken throughly
89
solutions
med in a sterile base of water or saline. usually meant to be administered thru vein or tissue
90
caplets
coated, elongated tablets
91
ac
before meals
92
pc
after meals
93
ad lib
as desired
94
iv
intravenous
95
subcut
subcutaneously
96
IM
intramuscular
97
ID
intradermal
98
SL
sublingual
99
IVP
intravenous push
100
IVPB
intravenous piggyback
101
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
102
NG
nasogastric
103
PR
per rectum
104
PO
per os (by mouth)
105
supp
suppository
106
NPO
nothing by mouth
107
b.i.d
twice daily
108
t.i.d
three times daily
109
q
every
110
q2hr
every 2 hours
111
q4hr
every 4 hours
112
gtt
drop
113
ER
extended release
114
SR
sustained release
115
CR
controlled release
116
g
gram
117
mg
milligram
118
kg
kilogram
119
mcg
microgram
120
tsp
teaspoon
121
NKA
no known allergies
122
NKDA
no known drug allergies
123
common abbreviations not too use
>, <, @, cc, q.d
