Test 1

Question 1

bit

Answer 1

binary digit w/a value of 0 or 1

Question 2

byte

Answer 2

group of 8 bits (equivalent to one character)

Question 3

kilobyte (KB)

Answer 3

1024 bytes, rounded down to 1000 bytes

Question 4

megabyte (MB)

Answer 4

1 million bytes

Question 5

gigaByte

Answer 5

1 Billion bytes

Question 6

terabyte

Answer 6

1 trillion bytes, 1000 GB

Question 7

petabyte

Answer 7

1 quadrillion bytes

Question 8

exabyte

Answer 8

1 quintillion

Question 9

RAM

Answer 9

random access memory, temporary storage, volatile memory

Question 10

ROM

Answer 10

read only memory, permanent storage, non-volatile memory, contains programs/instructions

Question 11

CPU

Answer 11

central processing unit, microprocessor, brain/engine of computer
Ex. Intel, AMD, TSMC

Question 12

hardware

Answer 12

physical parts of a computer

Question 13

software

Answer 13

instructions (programs) that tell the hardware what to do

Question 14

algorithm

Answer 14

a finite sequence of computer implementable instructions to solve a class of problems/perform a computation

Question 15

pixel

Answer 15

picture element

Question 16

resolution

Answer 16

of pixels horizontally/vertically

Question 17

cache

Answer 17

high speed storage memory

Question 18

memory caching

Answer 18

run a program the first time, close it, run it the second time, it opens faster

Question 19

disk caching

Answer 19

using links within a website, takes less time to go back to main website after navigating from inner link

Question 20

operating system (OS)

Answer 20

software that supports a computer’s basic functions

Question 21

input devices

Answer 21

keyboard, mouse, microphone, touch screen

Question 22

output devices

Answer 22

headphones, speakers, monitors, printers

Question 23

linux

Answer 23

good OS to know, makes you stand out

Question 24

hackintosh

Answer 24

putting an apple OS into another machine

Question 25

ssd

Answer 25

solid state drive

Question 26

basic computer specs

Answer 26

cpu (central processing unit intel, m1, etc), RAM, hard drive

Question 27

what does 0 mean in binary

Answer 27

off

Question 28

what does 1 mean in binary

Answer 28

on

Question 29

data compression

Answer 29

reduction in the amount of space needed to store a piece of data or the bandwidth to transmit it

Question 30

lossless

Answer 30

data can be retrieved without loss of original info

Question 31

lossy

Answer 31

some info may be lost, quality decreases

Question 32

compression ratio

Answer 32

size of compressed data divided by size of original data

Question 33

analog

Answer 33

data represented in a physical way, signal continually fluctuates in voltage (up and down)

Question 34

ASCII

Answer 34

american standard code for info interchange, 128 unique characters, 7 bits per character

Question 35

UNIcode mapping

Answer 35

corresponds with ASCII, used for foreign languages requiring other characters

Question 36

lossless text compression techniques (3 types of encoding)

Answer 36

keyword encoding, run-length encoding, huffman encoding

Question 37

KEYword encoding

Answer 37

compresses common words into single characters Ex. "the" becomes "-"

Question 38

compression ratio

Answer 38

the total number of original characters divided by the number of characters after it is compressed

Question 39

why is data compression important?

Answer 39

saves storage space (RAM), was more important in the past when vast amounts of storage were not availible

Question 40

RRun-length encoding

Answer 40

replaces repeated values with a flag (*) Ex. bbbbbbbb would become *b8 these three characters take up less space than storing 8 "b's"

Question 41

would you compress "jjj"

Answer 41

no, because the compressed version would take up the same amount of characters as the uncompressed version "*j3" "jjj"

Question 42

huffman encoding

Answer 42

using shorter bits for more common letters like "a" and using longer bits for uncommon letters like "x" a= 00 x= 1011

Question 43

digital signal

Answer 43

has only a high or low state, corresponding to the 2 binary digits

Question 44

electronic signals

Answer 44

all signals degrade as they move down a line

Question 45

stereo

Answer 45

electrical signal sent to each speaker (left and right)

Question 46

a signal is digitized by...

Answer 46

sampling (periodically measuring the voltage), quantization (represent the voltage as a number using a finite number of bits)

Question 47

what are some examples of audio formats

Answer 47

WAV, AU, AIFF, MP3

Question 48

color pallette

Answer 48

colors supported by a monitor (red, green, blue)

Question 49

raster graphics

Answer 49

treat image as collection of pixels (GIF, PNG, JPEG)

Question 50

vector graphics

Answer 50

treat image as collection of lines and geometric objects (flash, SVG) images can be scaled big or small without losing quality, good for line art

Question 51

BMP

Answer 51

bitmap, suited for compression by run-length encoding

Question 52

GIF

Answer 52

graphics interchanged format, pallette of 256 colors, each pixel requires 8 or fewer bits

Question 53

PNG

Answer 53

portable network graphics, greater compression w/wide range of color depths

Question 54

JPEG

Answer 54

joint photographic experts group, averages hue over short distances, adjustable degree of compression

Question 55

metadata

Answer 55

data about data, date and time image was created, size/resolution of image, location photo was taken, etc.

Question 56

codec

Answer 56

COmpressor DECompressor, methods to shrink the size of a video to allow it to be played on a computer or over a network

Question 57

if most of an image in 2 frames has not changed, why waste space duplicating it?

Answer 57

temporal compression

Question 58

spatial compression

Answer 58

removing repetitive info within a frame