Test 1

Question 1

what is matter

Answer 1

• anything that has mass and occupies space
• makes up all physical objects

Question 2

how is matter commonly found

Answer 2

mix of substances –> elements and compounds

Question 3

what is mass

Answer 3

quantity of matter in an object

Question 4

what has magnitude but no direction

Answer 4

mass

Question 5

can mass change?

Answer 5

no regardless of state

Question 6

mass vs gravity

Answer 6

weight needs gravity

Question 7

what is weight

Answer 7

force that an object exerts under influence of gravity

Question 8

purest form of matter is ____

Answer 8

atom

Question 9

what is an atom

Answer 9

smallest particle of an element with chemical properties of that element

Question 10

what is energy

Answer 10

ability to do work

Question 11

types of energy (7)

Answer 11

potential
kinetic
chemical
electrical
thermal
nuclear
electromagnetic

Question 12

what is the unit of energy

Answer 12

joule

Question 13

what is the theory of relativity

Answer 13

matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be converted

Question 14

what is potential energy

Answer 14

ability to do work based by position

Question 15

type of energy with mass and position

Answer 15

potential energy

Question 16

what is kinetic energy

Answer 16

energy of motion

Question 17

type of energy with mass and speed

Answer 17

kinetic energy

Question 18

what is chemical energy

Answer 18

energy released by chemical reactions

Question 19

what is electrical energy?

Answer 19

work done when electron moves through an electric potential difference

Question 20

what occurs to produced an electrical energy

Answer 20

electrons collision

Question 21

electrical potential known as?

Answer 21

voltage

Question 22

what is thermal energy

Answer 22

energy of motion at molecular level

Question 23

how to increase thermal energy?

Answer 23

increase kinetic energy (movement) = more heat

Question 24

what is nuclear energy

Answer 24

energy contained within nucleus of an atom

Question 25

how is nuclear energy created

Answer 25

by altering nucleus of atom

Question 26

what is electromagnetic energy

Answer 26

energy output of electric and magnetic disturbances in space

Question 27

how is electromagnetic energy created

Answer 27

acceleration of a charge magnetic field = electromagnetic energy

Question 28

difference between xray and yray

Answer 28

xray: man made yray: nucleus of atom

Question 29

list the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum from low to high frequency (8)

Answer 29

radio waves microwaves infrared visible light ultraviolet xrays gamma rays cosmic rays

Question 30

what is a photon

Answer 30

smallest quantity of any type of EM energy

Question 31

_____ wavelength + ______ frequency = _____ dosage

Answer 31

short high less

Question 32

properties of EM energy

Answer 32

frequency wavelength velocity

Question 33

what is frequency

Answer 33

rate of rise and fall of sine wave = number of crest that passes the point per unit of time

Question 34

what is frequency measured in

Answer 34

hertz --> cycles/sec

Question 35

property of ionizing radiation

Answer 35

high frequency short wavelength

Question 36

what is wavelength

Answer 36

distance between any 2 points on a wave (crest to crest)

Question 37

what is wavelength measured in

Answer 37

meters or Angstroms

Question 38

what defines velocity

Answer 38

speed and direction

Question 39

relationship between frequency and wavelength what proves this?

Answer 39

inversely proportional EM wave equation

Question 40

what is the velocity of EM radiation

Answer 40

ALL constant at 3x10^8 m/s

Question 41

low energy has ____ wavelength and ______ frequency

Answer 41

long low

Question 42

high energy has ____ wavelength and ______ frequency

Answer 42

short high

Question 43

what is directly proportional to frequency? what proves this?

Answer 43

energy of photon Plank's quantum equation

Question 44

what is particle theory

Answer 44

high frequency energies behaves more like a particle (electron) than a wave (emitting particles) and vice versa

Question 45

characteristic of visible light

Answer 45

behaves like a wave more white = more xray absorption

Question 46

what affects visible light

Answer 46

interacting material changes how material transmits/absorbs light

Question 47

types of interactions between light and absorbing material

Answer 47

transparency - all light in translucency - some light in opacity - no light in

Question 48

radiopaque and example

Answer 48

absorb xrays ex. bone

Question 49

radiolucent and example

Answer 49

transmits xray ex. lung tissue and some soft tissue

Question 50

list materials from radiopaque --> radiolucent (5)

Answer 50

metal bone water/soft tissue fat gas

Question 51

what are the primary fundamental units of measurement

Answer 51

mass length time

Question 52

what are the secondary fundamental units of measurement

Answer 52

area volume density temperature

Question 53

every unit has _____

Answer 53

magnitude and unit

Question 54

what does absorbed dose measure?

Answer 54

Quantifies the biological effects of radiation on humans and animals

Question 55

what is absorbed dose measured in?

Answer 55

RAD or Gray (Gy) --> radiation energy absorbed per unit mass

Question 56

what quantity is used for any material or to describe patient dose

Answer 56

absorbed dose

Question 57

what does effective dose measure? aka?

Answer 57

quantity of radiation received by radiation workers AKA: dose equivalent

Question 58

what is effective dose measured in?

Answer 58

REM or Sievert (Sv)

Question 59

what does exposure measure?

Answer 59

radiation intensity