Test #1

Question 1

What med decreases HR by depressing SA node & AV node activity

Answer 1

Adenosine

Question 2

What med lowers HR by altering impulse through conduction pathways - prolongs refractory period

Answer 2

Amiodarone - most common r8 control - treats v-fib & v-tach

Question 3

What med lowers HR & reduces ischemia in patients receiving fibrinolytic agents

Answer 3

Beta blockers

Question 4

What med decreases HR by slowing conduction of av node & decreases HTN by dilating coronary arteries

Answer 4

Calcium channel blockers

Question 5

What med reduces ventricular dysrhythmias following MI

Answer 5

Magnesium sulfate - treatment for torsades

Question 6

What is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes

Answer 6

Magnesium sulfate

Question 7

Increases co - lowers bp - reduces sodium and h20 retention - treats high blood pressure and heart failure

Answer 7

Lisinopril ( Ace inhibitor)

Question 8

Increases force & rate of contraction - increase CO & CA flow

Answer 8

Dobutamine - used for chemical stress echo

Question 9

Removes excess fluid - decreases urine formation - decreases edema

Answer 9

Furosemide ( lasix)

Question 10

Increases HR & sinus node automaticity - improves AV conduct

Answer 10

Atropine

Question 11

Relieves chest pain & hypertension by relaxing & dilating smooth muscle in blood vessels

Answer 11

Nitroglycerin

Question 12

Dissolves existing clots (aggressive) - used when PCI not available

Answer 12

Clot busters

Question 13

Beta blocker (block clots) - decreases hr

Answer 13

Coreg - used to treat heart failure & hypertension

Question 14

Anticoagulant (less aggressive) - prevents clots

Answer 14

Heparin - used in acute (STEMI OR NSTEMI)

Question 15

Increases heart rate & force of contraction - increases coronary & cerebral flow- used during CPR

Answer 15

Epinephrine - for cardiac arrest, v-fib, VT, asystole

Question 16

What is the treatment for V-Fib & VT

Answer 16

Amiodarone

Question 17

Primary factors affecting CO?

Answer 17

Preload
Afterload
Contractility
HR

Question 18

Elevated ST=

Answer 18

Active infarct

Question 19

Cardiac function is based on the adequacy of ?

Answer 19

CO - circulating volume of blood to the heart varies according to the needs of tissue cells

Question 20

Negative/ inverted or absent P waves indicate?

Answer 20

Electrical conduction that is initiated from the AV node

Question 21

What is the phase of cardiac cycle between AV closure & semilunar value opening

Answer 21

Isovolumic contraction - increase LVEDP

Question 22

What sinus rhythm occurs when SA node does not initiate an electrical impulse

Answer 22

Sinus arrest- skips a beat (aka sinus pause, sick sinus)

Question 23

QT interval shows?

Answer 23

Depolarization and Repolarization of ventricles

Question 24

Afterload is a function of both…

Answer 24

Arterial pressure & ventricular size

Question 25

2 conditions that increase afterload?

Answer 25

Conditions that cause obstruction to ventricular outflow ex: AS High peripheral vascular resistance ex: HTN

Question 26

4 types of permanent pacemakers?

Answer 26

Atrial Ventricular Sequential Biventricular

Question 27

Filling of the heart during diastole

Answer 27

Preload

Question 28

Order of conduction pathway

Answer 28

SA node Interatrial & internodal pathways AV node Bundle of HIS Bundle branches Purkinje fibers Ventricular muscle

Question 29

What is the time between AV opening & semilunar values closure - No volume change

Answer 29

Isovolumic relaxation

Question 30

What sinus rhythm occurs when SA node initiates an electrical impulse that is blocked not conducted to atria

Answer 30

Sinus exit block

Question 31

Dyssynchrony is present if the delay between IVS and posterior wall is....

Answer 31

More than 130 ms

Question 32

In PW Doppler, a difference of more than ______ between right & left pre-ejection intervals confirms the presence of ventricular dysynchrony

Answer 32

40 ms

Question 33

Causes of dysynchrony

Answer 33

Ventricular dysfunction Scar tissue from heart attack Electrical conduction delay Diseased heart muscle Ischemia

Question 34

What is pacing?

Answer 34

Refers to the % of complexes generated by the artifical pacemaker

Question 35

What are the 3 types of temporary pacemakers?

Answer 35

Transvenous Transcutaneous Epicardial * all remain outside of the body

Question 36

What is the pacemaker called that stimulates depolarization of both the atria and ventricles?

Answer 36

AV sequential/Dual Chamber -this will show two pacer spikes on an EKG strip before QRS complex

Question 37

Bi-ventricular pacers will show what on an EKG strip?

Answer 37

2 distinct pacer spikes, one before the p-wave and one before each QRS complex

Question 38

What is the most common problem W/pacemakers?

Answer 38

Hematoma

Question 39

How does dysynchrony look on an echo in m-mode?

Answer 39

Septal wall to posterior wall motion delay

Question 40

Medications to decrease heart rate...

Answer 40

Adenosine Amiodarone Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers Magnesium sulfate Lidocaine

Question 41

Medication to treat myocardial infarction...

Answer 41

Clot busters (fibrinolytic agents) Heparin Nitroglycerin Coreg Aspirin Plavix Glycoprotein

Question 42

Medications for poor cardiac output...

Answer 42

Atropine (increases HR) Dobutamine Epinephrine (increases HR) Furosemide (lasix) Lisinopril (ace inhibitor) Calcium chloride Digitalis Dopamine

Question 43

List of commonly used blood thinners

Answer 43

Coumadin (most dangerous) Warfarin Plavix

Question 44

Negative/inverted & absent P-waves

Answer 44

Sign of electrical conduction that is initiated from the AV junction

Question 45

Hidden P-wave suggests

Answer 45

A-fib or A-flutter