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Therapeutic Rehab > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Essential Considerations

A

Primary goal is to create environment for athlete/ patient that is safe

When injury occurs focus shifts from prevention to rehabilitation

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2
Q

In the Sports Medicine setting the AT is responsible for what?

A

Design, Implementation and Supervision

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3
Q

Principles of Rehabilitation acronym

A

ATC IS IT

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4
Q

ATC IS IT meaning

A

A: Avoid aggravation
T: Timing
C: Compliance

I: Individualization
S: Specific sequencing

I: Intensity
T: Total Patient

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5
Q

Rehabilitation Team Primary Members examples

A

Athletic trainer
Physician
Patient
Orthopedist
Podiatrist
Ophthalmologist
Psychologist or counselor
Physical therapist
Parents or spouse
Coach
School nurse

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6
Q

Rehabilitation Team Secondary Members

A

Emergency medical technicians
Orthotist
Pharmacist
Kinesiologist
Exercise physiologist
Nutritionist
Attorney
Supervisor
Peers
Sport team members
Equipment manager
Teachers
Athletic administrator

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7
Q

Qualities of Professionalism

A

Abiding by ethical standards
(e.g., NATA Code of Ethics)

Abiding by legal standards
(e.g., state regulations)

Consent from patient

Purposeful touch

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8
Q

AT overseeing protocol must have understanding of the following:

A

Knowledge of how injury was sustained

Major anatomical structures affected

Degree and grade of trauma

Stage/ phase of the injury healing

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9
Q

Who are athletic trainers expected to communicate with?

A

Patient
Physician
Family
Coach
Secondary Team Members
Concerns

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10
Q

What is the goal of sports medicine rehabilitation?

A

return athlete as safely and quickly as possible

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11
Q

What is the acronym for determining exercise intensity?

A

“S.A.I.D.” Principle

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12
Q

“S.A.I.D.” Principle

A

Specific
Adaptation
to
Imposed
Demands

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13
Q

Explanation behind the “S.A.I.D.” Principle

A

When an injured structure is subjected to stresses and overloads of varying intensities it will gradually adapt over time to whatever demands are placed on it

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14
Q

Exercise intensity cannot be great enough to do what to an injury before the injured structure has had a chance to adapt?

A

exacerbate the injury

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15
Q

What are the indications that exercise is too intense?

A

Increased swelling

Increased pain

Loss of/ plateau of strength in ROM

Increase in laxity of healing structure

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16
Q

Early exercise rehabilitation involves what?

A

sub-maximal exercise performed in short bouts several times daily

(low intensity, high frequency)

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17
Q

Exercise intensity must be what?

A

equal with the healing process

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18
Q

As recovery increases/Late exercise rehabilitation involves what?

A

intensity of exercise increases and is performed less times daily
(high intensity, low frequency)

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19
Q

What aspect during the healing process is often neglected regarding the athlete?

A

the psychological aspect of how an athlete deals with the injury

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20
Q

What are the two kinds of injuries?

A

acute and chronic

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21
Q

Acute injury

A

single defining moment that causes the injury (dislocation/sprains)

  • macrotrauma
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22
Q

Chronic injury

A

injury that occurs over the span of time (stress fractures/shin splints)

  • microtrauma
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23
Q

The kinetic chain is what?

A

the entire kinetic chain is an integrated functional unit

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24
Q

Kinetic chain is composed of what?

A

– Muscle, tendon, ligament, fascia

– Articular system, neural system

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25
If any of the systems are not working efficiently, what occurs?
the other systems are forced to adapt and compensate
26
Injury to the kinetic chain rarely what?
involves only one structure
27
Acronym for controlling swelling
PRICE
28
PRICE
P – Protection R – Rest (Restricted Activity) I – Ice C – Compression E - Elevation
29
What is absolutely essential to developing functional strength?
core stabilization
30
Core stabilization is what?
Considered to be the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex which functions to dynamically stabilize the entire kinetic chain during functional movements
31
Therapeutic Exercise Progression (pyramid)
Must address the following in order 1. Flexibility and range of motion 2. Muscle strength and endurance 3. Balance, coordination and agility 4. Functional performance 5. Performance specific activities
32
Define Evidence-Based Practice
The application of information gleaned from current, quality research
33
Define Outcomes-Based Practice
Provides information on treatment perceptions. (what the patient feels/experience) - think the smiley face chart with the pain/improvement scale
34
AT's need to avoid what kind of approach to rehabilitation?
the “cookbook” rehabilitation protocols that be followed like a recipe
35
What happens without proximal or core stability in the body?
the distal movers cannot function optimally to efficiently utilize their strength and power
36
Loss of ROM can be attributed to what factors?
- Resistance of musculotendinous unit to stretch – Contracture of connective tissue – Muscle imbalances – Postural imbalance – Neural tension – Joint dysfunction
37
Open-kinetic chain
exists when the foot or hand is not in contact with the ground or some other surface – non weight bearing
38
Closed-kinetic chain
exists when the foot or hand is in contact with the ground or some other surface – weight bearing
39
What are the phases of healing?
Hemostasis Inflammatory response phase (recruit cells and nutrients) Fibroblastic repair phase (scab) Maturation & remodeling phase (hardens/skin)
40
What are the types of primary injuries?
microtraumatic and macrotraumatic
41
Microtrauamtic =
overuse injury - repetitive overloading or incorrect mechanisms
42
Macrotraumatic =
result of acute trauma and produce immediate pain and disability
43
What are examples of macrotraumatic injuries?
Fractures, dislocations, subluxations, sprains, strains, contusions
44
Chronic and acute injuries both cause what reaction?
reduced function
45
Reduced function for a chronic injury looks like what?
inappropriate neural feedback increased tissue stress
46
Reduced function for a acute injury looks like what?
scar tissue adhesions atrophy
47
The effects of reduced function caused by an acute and chronic injury both cause what?
dysfunctional movement with neural changes
48
The inflammatory response phase causes what?
Redness, swelling, tenderness, increased temperature
49
Formation of a Clot Process
- Injury exposes collagen in vascular wall where platelets can adhere to create a sticky matrix - Plug obstruct local lymphatic fluid drainage and localizes injury response - Clot formation begins around 12 hours after injury and is completed around 48 hours - Initial inflammatory phase lasts up to 2-4 days after initial injury
50
Sprain _____________, strain ___________.
ligaments, muscles
51
Grade 1 Ligament Sprain
mild stretching mild (or no) joint instability mild pain mild swelling mild joint stiffness
52
Grade 2 Ligament Sprain
Moderate tearing or stretching moderate instability moderate (or severe) pain moderate swelling moderate joint stiffness
53
Grade 3 Ligament Sprain
complete rupture severe joint instability severe pain severe swelling severe joint stiffness - will probably require some type of immobilization
54
Types of Fractures: Oblique
diagonal crack across the bone; 2 jagged pointed ends
55
Types of Fractures: Greenstick
Splintering of bone - common in children
56
Types of Fractures: Comminuted
multiple fragments displaced - surgically repaired
57
Types of Fractures: Transverse
crack perpendicular; linear fracture runs parallel (Straight across basically)
58
Types of Fractures: Impacted
one end of bone driven up into the other
59
Types of Fractures: Avulsion
fragment pulled away at the bony attachment
60
Types of Fractures: Spiral
Similar to oblique but there is also an element of twisting
61
Types of Fractures: Stress
Result of overuse or fatigue
62
Why does cartilage/meniscus have a difficult time healing?
poor blood upply
63
Skeletal muscle features
- striated - multi-nucleated - voluntary - attached to skeleton
64
Grade 1 Strain
some muscle or tendon fibers torn. Active motion produces mild pain. Movement is painful but possible
65
Grade 2 Strain
some muscle or tendon fibers torn. Active contraction of muscle is painful. Usually produces palpable depression. Some swelling may be present
66
Grade 3 Strain
complete rupture of muscle fibers. Athlete has significant impairment and/or total loss of movement. Pain is intense (but diminishes because of ruptured nerve endings
67
What kind of nerve cells can not regenerate once the nerve cell has died?
specialized nerve cells
68
HOPS acronym
H- History O- Observation P- Palpation S- Special testing
69
SOAP acronym
S- Subjective O- Objective A- Assessment P- Plan
70
What is a good history question?
an open-ended question; no yes or no questions
71
What is the purpose of performing palpations?
to localize as closely as possible the potential pathological tissues involved
72
In what manner should an AT go about performing palpations?
- gentle reassuring touch, with frequent communication - begin on the uninjured side-> to the injured side - start with structures further away from the site of injury and work towards to the painful area - minimize excessive movement
73
When performing Special Tests for ROM in what order should the test be done?
ACTIVE ROM → PASSIVE ROM → RESISTED ROM
74
Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 0 (Zero)
No evidence of muscle contraction
75
Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 1 (Trace)
Evidence of slight muscle contraction with no joint motion
76
Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 2 (Poor)
Complete AROM with gravity eliminated
77
Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 3 (Fair)
Complete AROM against gravity with no resistance
78
Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 4 (Good)
Complete AROM against gravity with some resistance
79
Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 5 (Normal)
Complete AROM against gravity with maximum resistance
80
Which muscles are prone to tightness?
Gastroc/ Soleus Hamstrings/Quads Iliopsoas/ Hip Flexor Pectoralis Major Upper Traps
81
Which muscles are prone to weakness?
Gluteus Maximus/ Minimus Anterior Tibialis/ Peroneals Abdominals Lower Traps Rhomboids/Serratus Anterior
82
What are the special test for joints?
joint stability tests and joint compression tests
83
Joint stability tests
- Assess integrity of inert joint tissues – Joint capsules and ligaments – Used to assess joint laxity
84
Joint compression tests
Assess integrity of inert joint tissues that line joint surfaces such as articular cartilage and meniscus
85
Define Functional Testing
to observe athlete in functional movement patterns (i.e., explosive movements)

Therapeutic Rehab (4 decks)

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