TEST 1

Question 1

How old is Earth and how can we tell?

Answer 1

Earth is around 4.5 billion years old, we know that due to uranium lead dates that are found in the materials on earth

Question 2

How did the ground layers form in Earth?

Answer 2

After the planet formed everything was all together, but over time things differentiated by density hence why we have our layers.

Question 3

What are the theories on how water got to our planet?

Answer 3

Water got to our planet through comets and meteors; also the water was already inside earth, as things cooled there were volcanic eruptions that got the water out

Question 4

How was the magnetic field on earth produced?

Answer 4

The molten outer core on Earth created this magnetic field.

Question 5

What was our early atmosphere composed of?

Answer 5

Hydrogen and Helium were the main components. But later we got water and carbon dioxide due to the degassing of earth’s interior

Question 6

How did we get most of our oxygen?

Answer 6

Because of plants as they photosynthesized they produced oxygen.

Question 7

What is the main component of our current atmosphere?

Answer 7

Nitrogen

Question 8

How are water molecules structured?

Answer 8

They have positive and negative sides, Oxygen is bonded with hydrogen. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds.

hydrogen bonds are formed because of water’s polarity; they stick tgt.

Question 9

Oxygen is our negative side and hydrogen is our positive side, water changing phases is the breaking of those hydrogen bonds

Answer 9

just some information for the test :)

Question 10

Hydrogen Bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What two properties do we need for plants to exist?

Answer 11

cohesion and adhesion

Question 12

What is cohesion and what is adhesion

Answer 12

cohesion is the intermolecular forces between “like” molecules, it is when water sticks to itself; adhesion is the bonding between unlike molecules

Question 13

What are some qualities of water?

Answer 13

• water has a high surface tension
• water is an excellent solvent
• water has high specific heat capacity, water will heat up much slower than land
• water phase changes can heat/cool the environment

Question 14

How does water density change when it’s a solid vs a liquid?

Answer 14

Water in solid form is less dense than water in liquid form

Question 15

What are the main processes in the water cycle?

Answer 15

Evaporation, precipitation, infiltration, groundwater flow, and evapotranspiration

Question 16

What is evapotranspiration?

Answer 16

It’s the combination of evaporation and transpiration

Question 17

Where does infiltration and percolation occur?

Answer 17

infiltration happens at the surface while percolation occurs deeper down in the ground

Question 18

What is a global water budget?

Answer 18

Over the ocean we have more evaporation than we do precipitation while over land we have more precipitation than we do evaporation.

Question 19

Gravity pulls water molecules closer to Earth’s surface

Answer 19

Some information for the test :)

Question 20

What is long wave radiation?

Answer 20

long wave length is when there is low frequency which means lower energy.

Question 21

What is short wave radiation?

Answer 21

Short wave length means there is higher frequency which means higher energy.

Question 22

Why do we see the global pattern of temperature?

Answer 22

This is due to the tilt of the earth, sun’s angle, seasons, etc

Question 23

What is the difference between temperature and heat?

Answer 23

Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one object to another while
Temperature is the ability of a substance to transfer heat energy to another system

Question 24

What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 24

Evaporation occurs at the surface of water and can happen at any temperature while boiling occurs all throughout the volume and can only happen at high temperatures.

Question 25

What is the difference between convection and conduction?

Answer 25

convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of liquids and gases while conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid, liquid or gas by direct contact.

Question 26

What is the Coriolis Effect?

Answer 26

Circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere