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History II > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Council of Indies

A

Prestigious Body ultimately responsible for the implementation of all royal policies affecting the Spanish empire in America

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2
Q

criollo

A

a white person of europena ancestery born in spanish america

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2
Q

mestizo

A

A person born of a union between a European and an Indian in Iberian America

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3
Q

Enterprise of the Indies

A

Columbus’s detailed plan for a westward maritime expansion to discover shorter route from Europe to the Americas

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4
Q

peninsulares

A

white residents of Spanish america who had been born in Spain

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5
Q

mulatto

A

a person born of a union between an Iberian and an African

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6
Q

residencia

A

a thorough audit of a spanish colonial official’s conduct during his term of office

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7
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

A 1494 agreement between the Portugese & Spanish designed to divide the world between them

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7
Q

the elect

A

in calvinist christianity, the people believed to be chosen before their birth by God for external salvation

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8
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system based on competition among private enterprise

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8
Q

viceroy

A

“vice-king, “ an official responsible for the execution of the monarchs orders in a large subdivision of the empire or realm

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9
Q

charter company

A

a trading association protected by royal monarchs

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9
Q

mercantilism

A

a policy designed to create a condition in which a country’s trading exports exceed its imports in value

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10
Q

cottage industry

A

A system under which peasants made products in their own cottages and sold them to merchant capitalists

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11
Q

Merchant Capitalism

A

A system in which commercial entrepreneurs own the means of production, employ the workers who produce finished goods, and market the goods produced

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11
Q

purgatory

A

In Catholic belief, a place of suffering that purified the soul so it could enter heaven

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12
Q

predestination

A

the belief that God long ago decided everyone’s eternal fate

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13
Q

puritan

A

A person, especially a Calvinist, who upholds an austere moral code and simple religious practices

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13
Q

Confucian-scholar Bureaucrat

A

a member of china’s ruling class, recruited though rigorous civil service examinations based on extensive knowledge of Chinese classics

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14
Q

Dutch Learning

A

Western techniques of shipbuilding, weaponry, art, sciences, music, & medicine, transmitted to Japan by the Dutch

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15
Q

daimyo

A

a hereditary regional warlord in Japan

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16
Q

floating world

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A

Japanese urban amusement area offering men escape from austerity in indulgent nightlife

17
Q

kabuki

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A

form of Japanese drama

17
Q

Forbidden City

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A

A vast imperial compound in Beijing that served as the seat of government & main home of the emperor, his court, and his key officials

18
Manila galleon
Any of Spanish ships that conducted commerce across the Pacific between Manila and Acapulco, trading Chinese SILKS and porcleains for Spanish silver mined in the Americas
18
mandarin
A portugese rendition of a southeast asian term for a government minister, used to refer to a Chinese scholar-bureaucrat recruited through rigorous civil service examination
19
shogun
the commander in cheif of Japans armed forces who typically, acted as the real ruler, exercising power in the emperors name
20
shogunate
A japanese form of dynastic rule in which the main military commander and overlord acted as the real ruler, exercised power in the emperors name, and passed that power on to his heirs
20
Tay-Son Rebellion
A massive peasant uprising, fueled by resentment of Vietnams rulers and their Chinese overlords, which began in Champa and involved all of Vietnam, lasting from 1771 till 1802
21
Malabar Coast
Indians Southwest seabord, home to several Portugese, Dutch, & British commercial centers in the 16th and 17th centuries
21
White Lotus Rebellion
massive peasant uprising in west central china from 1796-1804, led by a religious cult that promised the removal of the Manchus and the return of the Buddha
22
Calico
Indian cotton cloth that came from Calicut on Indias Malabar Coast
23
Marathas
A HINDU nationalist movement founded to resist Mughal rule in India
24
nawabs
Local Indian princes whom the British called "nabobs"
25
pantheism
the belief that God is present in all things both animate and inanimate
25
African Diaspora
people from Africa who were dispersed or transplanted to other continents and the descendants of those people
26
Twelfth Imam
Also called the "Hidden Imam"'; a messianic Muslim leader who vanished in the 9th century CE; Shi'ites believe he will return to create a religious kingdom and usher in a period of prosperity and peace enduring until the Last Judgement
26
Wahabism
The austere, deeply puritanical branch of Islam practiced in Saudi Arabia since the 1740s
26
Urdu
An Indian language written with Persian alphabet and employing many Persian terms
27
28
bridewealth
a payment from the groom to the percents of the bride to compensate them for the loss of their daugther and assure them that he will treat her well
28
Atlantic system
A complex commerce in which goods shipped from Europe to Africa were traded for human captives who were shipped to the Americas, where they labored as slaves to produce goods that were shipped to Europe and sold at a profit
29
cassava
a hardy root plant from the American Tropics, native to Brazil and used as a food stable in Africa; also called a manioc
30
Khosian
a unique set of languages, distant by clicking sounds spoken by indigenous inhabitants of southern Africa
31
Middle Passage
the name given to the voyage westward across the Atlantic from West Africa, during which African captives bound for slavery in the Americas suffered terrible hardships
31
slavery
a system or practice in which some people are owned or controlled by others & subjected to forced labor and/or involuntary service
31
maroon
a name given to runaway slaves who established independent wilderness communities in the Americas, where they maintained many African Customs
31
stateless society
a community, typically a clan or village that is not part of a labor entity with a central government
32
32
race
a concept that divides human beings into categories based on external characteristics, especially skin color
33
33
racism
the categorization and/or treatment of some human groups as superior or inferior to others based on external characteristics especially, skin color, and on traits & abilities puported to be specific to members of those groups
34

History II (1 decks)

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