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History II > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Council of Indies

A

Prestigious Body ultimately responsible for the implementation of all royal policies affecting the Spanish empire in America

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2
Q

criollo

A

a white person of europena ancestery born in spanish america

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2
Q

mestizo

A

A person born of a union between a European and an Indian in Iberian America

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3
Q

Enterprise of the Indies

A

Columbus’s detailed plan for a westward maritime expansion to discover shorter route from Europe to the Americas

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4
Q

peninsulares

A

white residents of Spanish america who had been born in Spain

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5
Q

mulatto

A

a person born of a union between an Iberian and an African

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6
Q

residencia

A

a thorough audit of a spanish colonial official’s conduct during his term of office

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7
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

A 1494 agreement between the Portugese & Spanish designed to divide the world between them

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7
Q

the elect

A

in calvinist christianity, the people believed to be chosen before their birth by God for external salvation

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8
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system based on competition among private enterprise

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8
Q

viceroy

A

“vice-king, “ an official responsible for the execution of the monarchs orders in a large subdivision of the empire or realm

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9
Q

charter company

A

a trading association protected by royal monarchs

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9
Q

mercantilism

A

a policy designed to create a condition in which a country’s trading exports exceed its imports in value

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10
Q

cottage industry

A

A system under which peasants made products in their own cottages and sold them to merchant capitalists

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11
Q

Merchant Capitalism

A

A system in which commercial entrepreneurs own the means of production, employ the workers who produce finished goods, and market the goods produced

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11
Q

purgatory

A

In Catholic belief, a place of suffering that purified the soul so it could enter heaven

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12
Q

predestination

A

the belief that God long ago decided everyone’s eternal fate

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13
Q

puritan

A

A person, especially a Calvinist, who upholds an austere moral code and simple religious practices

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13
Q

Confucian-scholar Bureaucrat

A

a member of china’s ruling class, recruited though rigorous civil service examinations based on extensive knowledge of Chinese classics

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14
Q

Dutch Learning

A

Western techniques of shipbuilding, weaponry, art, sciences, music, & medicine, transmitted to Japan by the Dutch

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15
Q

daimyo

A

a hereditary regional warlord in Japan

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16
Q

floating world

A

Japanese urban amusement area offering men escape from austerity in indulgent nightlife

17
Q

kabuki

A

form of Japanese drama

17
Q

Forbidden City

A

A vast imperial compound in Beijing that served as the seat of government & main home of the emperor, his court, and his key officials

18
Q

Manila galleon

A

Any of Spanish ships that conducted commerce across the Pacific between Manila and Acapulco, trading Chinese SILKS and porcleains for Spanish silver mined in the Americas

18
Q

mandarin

A

A portugese rendition of a southeast asian term for a government minister, used to refer to a Chinese scholar-bureaucrat recruited through rigorous civil service examination

19
Q

shogun

A

the commander in cheif of Japans armed forces who typically, acted as the real ruler, exercising power in the emperors name

20
Q

shogunate

A

A japanese form of dynastic rule in which the main military commander and overlord acted as the real ruler, exercised power in the emperors name, and passed that power on to his heirs

20
Q

Tay-Son Rebellion

A

A massive peasant uprising, fueled by resentment of Vietnams rulers and their Chinese overlords, which began in Champa and involved all of Vietnam, lasting from 1771 till 1802

21
Q

Malabar Coast

A

Indians Southwest seabord, home to several Portugese, Dutch, & British commercial centers in the 16th and 17th centuries

21
Q

White Lotus Rebellion

A

massive peasant uprising in west central china from 1796-1804, led by a religious cult that promised the removal of the Manchus and the return of the Buddha

22
Q

Calico

A

Indian cotton cloth that came from Calicut on Indias Malabar Coast

23
Q

Marathas

A

A HINDU nationalist movement founded to resist Mughal rule in India

24
Q

nawabs

A

Local Indian princes whom the British called “nabobs”

25
Q

pantheism

A

the belief that God is present in all things both animate and inanimate

25
Q

African Diaspora

A

people from Africa who were dispersed or transplanted to other continents and the descendants of those people

26
Q

Twelfth Imam

A

Also called the “Hidden Imam”’; a messianic Muslim leader who vanished in the 9th century CE; Shi’ites believe he will return to create a religious kingdom and usher in a period of prosperity and peace enduring until the Last Judgement

26
Q

Wahabism

A

The austere, deeply puritanical branch of Islam practiced in Saudi Arabia since the 1740s

26
Q

Urdu

A

An Indian language written with Persian alphabet and employing many Persian terms

27
Q
A
28
Q

bridewealth

A

a payment from the groom to the percents of the bride to compensate them for the loss of their daugther and assure them that he will treat her well

28
Q

Atlantic system

A

A complex commerce in which goods shipped from Europe to Africa were traded for human captives who were shipped to the Americas, where they labored as slaves to produce goods that were shipped to Europe and sold at a profit

29
Q

cassava

A

a hardy root plant from the American Tropics, native to Brazil and used as a food stable in Africa; also called a manioc

30
Q

Khosian

A

a unique set of languages, distant by clicking sounds spoken by indigenous inhabitants of southern Africa

31
Q

Middle Passage

A

the name given to the voyage westward across the Atlantic from West Africa, during which African captives bound for slavery in the Americas suffered terrible hardships

31
Q

slavery

A

a system or practice in which some people are owned or controlled by others & subjected to forced labor and/or involuntary service

31
Q

maroon

A

a name given to runaway slaves who established independent wilderness communities in the Americas, where they maintained many African Customs

31
Q

stateless society

A

a community, typically a clan or village that is not part of a labor entity with a central government

32
Q
A
32
Q

race

A

a concept that divides human beings into categories based on external characteristics, especially skin color

33
Q
A
33
Q

racism

A

the categorization and/or treatment of some human groups as superior or inferior to others based on external characteristics especially, skin color, and on traits & abilities puported to be specific to members of those groups

34
Q
A

History II (1 decks)

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