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Physical Assessment > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What the person says about his/her self

A

Subjective data

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2
Q

What you as the health professional observe by inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination

A

Objective data

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3
Q

Analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identity diagnoses

A

Diagnostic reasoning

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4
Q

Hypothetico-deductive process

A
  1. Attending to initially available cues
  2. Formulating diagnostic hypothesis
  3. Gathering data relative to the tentative hypothesis
  4. Evaluating each hypothesis with new data collected
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5
Q

Cue

A

Is a piece of information, sign, symptom or a piece of laboratory or imaging data

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation of a cue or a set of cues that can be used to further investigation

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7
Q

Nursing process

A

-Assessment
-Diagnosis
-Outcome identification
-Planning
-Implementation
-Evaluation

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8
Q

First level priority

A

Emergent - immediate - life threatening

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9
Q

Second level priority problems

A

Next in urgency - prompt intervention

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10
Q

Third level priority problem

A

Important to the patient but can be attended to after.

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11
Q

Evidence based practice

A

Most current best techniques

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12
Q

Four types of data

A

Complete - total health database
Focused or problem centered database
Follow up database
Emergency database

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13
Q

Holistic health

A

Whole person essence

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14
Q

SDOH

A

Social determinants of health

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15
Q

SDOH

A

Economic stability
Education
Social and community context
Neighborhood and built environment
Health and health care

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16
Q

Acculturation

A

Adopting the culture and behavior of the majority culture

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17
Q

Acculturation stress

A

Losses and changes when adjusting to beliefs, routines, and social role

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18
Q

Beliefs and causes of illness

A

Biomedical
Naturalistic
Magicoreligious

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19
Q

FICA

A

-Faith
-Importance/ influence
-Community
-Address/action

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20
Q

Ten traps of interviewing

A

-Providing false assurance or reassurance
-Giving unwanted advice
-Using authority
-Using avoidance language
-Distancing
-Using personal jargon
-Using leading or biases questions
-Talking too much
-Interrupting
-Using WHY questions

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21
Q

Physical environment

A

Place distance between you and client 4-5 feet

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22
Q

Equal status seating

A

eye level placing chairs at 90 degrees.

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23
Q

Open-end questions

A

Topic to be discussed but in general terms

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24
Q

Closed or direct question

A

yes, no, or forced choice

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25
Healthy literacy
ability to understand instructions, navigate health care systems and communicate concerns.
26
Oral teaching
-Say: Feel for lumps about the size of a pea. Don't say: Feel for lumps about 5 to 6 millimeters. -Say: Birth control Don't say: Contraception -Say: Cook chicken until it is no longer pink. Don't say: Cook chicken to an internal temperature of 165° F.
27
Interprofessional communication
communication that occurs between 2 or more individuals from different health professions (e.g., nursing, therapy services, physicians)
28
SBAR
Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
29
Eight critical characteristics:
-Location -Character or Quality -Quantity or Severity -Timing (Onset, Duration, Frequency) -Setting -Aggravating or Relieving Factors -Associated Factors -Patient's Perception
30
PQRSTU
P: Provocative or Palliative. Q: Quality or Quantity R: Region or Radiation. S: Severity Scale T: Timing U: Understand Patient's Perception of the Problem
31
CAGE
Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener
32
Nonverbal communication
-Physical appearance -Posture -Gestures -Facial expressions -Voice -Touch
33
Assimilation
unidirectional in linear fashion
34
Bicultralism
reciprocal change maintaining ethnic identity.
35
Medication reconciliation
comparison of a list of current medications with a previous list
36
Biographic data
When did the person enter the United States and from what country?
37
Respiratory System.
asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, TB
38
Hematologic System.
Bleeding tendency of skin or mucous membranes, excessive bruising, lymph node swelling, exposure to toxic agents or radiation, blood transfusion and reactions.
39
Perception of Health
Ask the person questions such as: “How do you define health?
40
Source of History
1. Person providing information and relation to child 2. Your impression of reliability of information 3. Any special circumstances (e.g., the use of an interpreter)
41
Endocrine System.
History of diabetes or thyroid disease; excessive hunger, thirst, or urinating
42
HEEADSSS
Education and employment Eating peer-related Activities Drugs Sexuality, Suicide/depression Safety
43
Mental Status
Mental status is a person's emotional (feeling) and cognitive (knowing) function.
44
Organic disorders
brain disease i.e. dementia, alcohol and drug intoxication, withdrawals.
45
Affect
temp expression
46
Mood
durable prolonged display of feelings
47
Abstract reasoning
pondering - deeper meaning beyond the concrete and literal.
48
Perceptions
five senses
49
Components of the Mental Status Examination
Appearance, Behavior, Cognition, and Thought processes, or A, B, C, T
50
Aphasia
impairment of language ability secondary to brain damage
51
PHQ-2
works as a screening tool for depression.
52
Denver II screening
gives you a chance to interact directly with the young child to assess mental status
53
Summary Checklist: Mental Status Assessment
1. Appearance Posture Body movements Dress Grooming and hygiene Pupils 2. Behavior Level of consciousness Facial expression Speech (quality, pace, articulation, word choice) Mood and affect 3. Cognitive function Orientation Attention span Recent and remote memory New learning—the Four Unrelated Words Test Judgment 4. Thought process Thought process Thought content Perceptions Screen for suicidal thoughts 5. Perform the Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA, or the Mini-Cog
54
Skills requisite for the physical examination
inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
55
Palpation
follows and often confirms what you noted during inspection - applies to your sense of touch.
56
Percussion
tapping the person's skin with short, sharp strokes to assess underlying structures.
57
Production of Sound
-amplitude -pitch -quality -duration
58
otoscope
funnels light into the ear canal and onto the tympanic membrane
59
ophthalmoscope
illuminates the internal eye structures
60
The Toddler
Erikson's stage of developing autonomy.
61
Hyperthermia
fever, is caused by pyrogens secreted by toxic bacteria
62
Hypothermia
caused by accidental, prolonged exposure to cold
63
tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT)
eardrum
64
tachycardia
over 95 beats/min or over 100 beats/min
65
sinus arrhythmia
irregularity that is commonly found in children and young adults
66
bradycardia
adult a resting heart rate less than 50 beats/min
67
systolic
max pressure felt on the artery during L ventricular contraction.
68
diastolic
resting pressure - blood exerts constantly between each contraction
69
pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
70
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
the pressure forcing blood into the tissues averaged over the cardiac cycle
71
Five factors of BP
-cardiac output -vascular resistance -volume -viscosity -elasticity of arterial walls
72
Cardiac output
blood pumps more into blood vessels causes container walls to increase
73
Peripheral vascular resistance
constricted vessels - pressure will need to push the contents
74
Volume of circulating blood
how tightly the blood is packed into the arteries
75
Viscosity
thickness of blood
76
auscultatory gap
a period when Korotkoff sounds disappear
77
Korotkoff sounds
which are the components of a BP reading first described by a Russian surgeon in 1905
78
Tympanic Membrane and Temporal Artery
toddlers who squirm at the restraint
79
nociceptors
detect painful sensations
80
Aδ
myelinated and larger in diameter; thus they transmit the pain signal rapidly
81
Aδ
localized, short term, and sharp in nature
82
C
unmyelinated and smaller, and they transmit the signal more slowly
83
interneurons
fibers synapse
84
anterolateral spinothalamic tract.
pain signals then cross over to the other side of the spinal cord and ascend to the brain
85
Nociception
(1) transduction, (2) transmission, (3) perception, and (4) modulation
86
transduction
noxious stimulus in the form of traumatic or chemical injury, burn, incision, or tumor takes place in the periphery
87
perception
signifies the conscious awareness of a painful sensation
88

Physical Assessment (1 decks)

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