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Physical Assessment > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What the person says about his/her self

A

Subjective data

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2
Q

What you as the health professional observe by inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination

A

Objective data

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3
Q

Analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identity diagnoses

A

Diagnostic reasoning

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4
Q

Hypothetico-deductive process

A
  1. Attending to initially available cues
  2. Formulating diagnostic hypothesis
  3. Gathering data relative to the tentative hypothesis
  4. Evaluating each hypothesis with new data collected
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5
Q

Cue

A

Is a piece of information, sign, symptom or a piece of laboratory or imaging data

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation of a cue or a set of cues that can be used to further investigation

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7
Q

Nursing process

A

-Assessment
-Diagnosis
-Outcome identification
-Planning
-Implementation
-Evaluation

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8
Q

First level priority

A

Emergent - immediate - life threatening

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9
Q

Second level priority problems

A

Next in urgency - prompt intervention

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10
Q

Third level priority problem

A

Important to the patient but can be attended to after.

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11
Q

Evidence based practice

A

Most current best techniques

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12
Q

Four types of data

A

Complete - total health database
Focused or problem centered database
Follow up database
Emergency database

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13
Q

Holistic health

A

Whole person essence

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14
Q

SDOH

A

Social determinants of health

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15
Q

SDOH

A

Economic stability
Education
Social and community context
Neighborhood and built environment
Health and health care

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16
Q

Acculturation

A

Adopting the culture and behavior of the majority culture

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17
Q

Acculturation stress

A

Losses and changes when adjusting to beliefs, routines, and social role

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18
Q

Beliefs and causes of illness

A

Biomedical
Naturalistic
Magicoreligious

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19
Q

FICA

A

-Faith
-Importance/ influence
-Community
-Address/action

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20
Q

Ten traps of interviewing

A

-Providing false assurance or reassurance
-Giving unwanted advice
-Using authority
-Using avoidance language
-Distancing
-Using personal jargon
-Using leading or biases questions
-Talking too much
-Interrupting
-Using WHY questions

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21
Q

Physical environment

A

Place distance between you and client 4-5 feet

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22
Q

Equal status seating

A

eye level placing chairs at 90 degrees.

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23
Q

Open-end questions

A

Topic to be discussed but in general terms

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24
Q

Closed or direct question

A

yes, no, or forced choice

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25
Q

Healthy literacy

A

ability to understand instructions, navigate health care systems and communicate concerns.

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26
Q

Oral teaching

A

-Say: Feel for lumps about the size of a pea.
Don’t say: Feel for lumps about 5 to 6 millimeters.
-Say: Birth control
Don’t say: Contraception
-Say: Cook chicken until it is no longer pink.
Don’t say: Cook chicken to an internal temperature of 165° F.

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27
Q

Interprofessional communication

A

communication that occurs between 2 or more individuals from different health professions (e.g., nursing, therapy services, physicians)

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28
Q

SBAR

A

Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation

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29
Q

Eight critical characteristics:

A

-Location
-Character or Quality
-Quantity or Severity
-Timing (Onset, Duration, Frequency)
-Setting
-Aggravating or Relieving Factors
-Associated Factors
-Patient’s Perception

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30
Q

PQRSTU

A

P: Provocative or Palliative.
Q: Quality or Quantity
R: Region or Radiation.
S: Severity Scale
T: Timing
U: Understand Patient’s Perception of the Problem

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31
Q

CAGE

A

Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener

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32
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

-Physical appearance
-Posture
-Gestures
-Facial expressions
-Voice
-Touch

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33
Q

Assimilation

A

unidirectional in linear fashion

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34
Q

Bicultralism

A

reciprocal change maintaining ethnic identity.

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35
Q

Medication reconciliation

A

comparison of a list of current medications with a previous list

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36
Q

Biographic data

A

When did the person enter the United States and from what country?

37
Q

Respiratory System.

A

asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, TB

38
Q

Hematologic System.

A

Bleeding tendency of skin or mucous membranes, excessive bruising, lymph node swelling, exposure to toxic agents or radiation, blood transfusion and reactions.

39
Q

Perception of Health

A

Ask the person questions such as: “How do you define health?

40
Q

Source of History

A
  1. Person providing information and relation to child
  2. Your impression of reliability of information
  3. Any special circumstances (e.g., the use of an interpreter)
41
Q

Endocrine System.

A

History of diabetes or thyroid disease; excessive hunger, thirst, or urinating

42
Q

HEEADSSS

A

Education and employment
Eating peer-related
Activities
Drugs
Sexuality,
Suicide/depression
Safety

43
Q

Mental Status

A

Mental status is a person’s emotional (feeling) and cognitive (knowing) function.

44
Q

Organic disorders

A

brain disease i.e. dementia, alcohol and drug intoxication, withdrawals.

45
Q

Affect

A

temp expression

46
Q

Mood

A

durable prolonged display of feelings

47
Q

Abstract reasoning

A

pondering - deeper meaning beyond the concrete and literal.

48
Q

Perceptions

A

five senses

49
Q

Components of the Mental Status Examination

A

Appearance, Behavior, Cognition,

and Thought processes, or

A, B, C, T

50
Q

Aphasia

A

impairment of language ability secondary to brain damage

51
Q

PHQ-2

A

works as a screening tool for depression.

52
Q

Denver II screening

A

gives you a chance to interact directly with the young child to assess mental status

53
Q

Summary Checklist: Mental Status Assessment

A
  1. Appearance
    Posture
    Body movements
    Dress
    Grooming and hygiene
    Pupils
  2. Behavior
    Level of consciousness
    Facial expression
    Speech (quality, pace, articulation, word choice)
    Mood and affect
  3. Cognitive function
    Orientation
    Attention span
    Recent and remote memory
    New learning—the Four Unrelated Words Test
    Judgment
  4. Thought process
    Thought process
    Thought content
    Perceptions
    Screen for suicidal thoughts
  5. Perform the Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA, or the Mini-Cog
54
Q

Skills requisite for the physical examination

A

inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

55
Q

Palpation

A

follows and often confirms what you noted during inspection - applies to your sense of touch.

56
Q

Percussion

A

tapping the person’s skin with short, sharp strokes to assess underlying structures.

57
Q

Production of Sound

A

-amplitude
-pitch
-quality
-duration

58
Q

otoscope

A

funnels light into the ear canal and onto the tympanic membrane

59
Q

ophthalmoscope

A

illuminates the internal eye structures

60
Q

The Toddler

A

Erikson’s stage of developing autonomy.

61
Q

Hyperthermia

A

fever, is caused by pyrogens secreted by toxic bacteria

62
Q

Hypothermia

A

caused by accidental, prolonged exposure to cold

63
Q

tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT)

A

eardrum

64
Q

tachycardia

A

over 95 beats/min or over 100 beats/min

65
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A

irregularity that is commonly found in children and young adults

66
Q

bradycardia

A

adult a resting heart rate less than 50 beats/min

67
Q

systolic

A

max pressure felt on the artery during L ventricular contraction.

68
Q

diastolic

A

resting pressure - blood exerts constantly between each contraction

69
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

70
Q

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

the pressure forcing blood into the tissues averaged over the cardiac cycle

71
Q

Five factors of BP

A

-cardiac output
-vascular resistance
-volume
-viscosity
-elasticity of arterial walls

72
Q

Cardiac output

A

blood pumps more into blood vessels causes container walls to increase

73
Q

Peripheral vascular resistance

A

constricted vessels - pressure will need to push the contents

74
Q

Volume of circulating blood

A

how tightly the blood is packed into the arteries

75
Q

Viscosity

A

thickness of blood

76
Q

auscultatory gap

A

a period when Korotkoff sounds disappear

77
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

which are the components of a BP reading first described by a Russian surgeon in 1905

78
Q

Tympanic Membrane and Temporal Artery

A

toddlers who squirm at the restraint

79
Q

nociceptors

A

detect painful sensations

80
Q

Aδ

A

myelinated and larger in diameter; thus they transmit the pain signal rapidly

81
Q

Aδ

A

localized, short term, and sharp in nature

82
Q

C

A

unmyelinated and smaller, and they transmit the signal more slowly

83
Q

interneurons

A

fibers synapse

84
Q

anterolateral spinothalamic tract.

A

pain signals then cross over to the other side of the spinal cord and ascend to the brain

85
Q

Nociception

A

(1) transduction, (2) transmission, (3) perception, and (4) modulation

86
Q

transduction

A

noxious stimulus in the form of traumatic or chemical injury, burn, incision, or tumor takes place in the periphery

87
Q

perception

A

signifies the conscious awareness of a painful sensation

88
Q
A

Physical Assessment (1 decks)

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