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lifespan & development > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

what is development:

A

how & why we change as we get older

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2
Q

psychodynamic definition (freud)

A

full of internal drama and intensity

theorist freud (psychoanalysis)

development happens by resolving conflicts

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3
Q

psychodynamic & development

A

we develop through psychosexual stages

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4
Q

pyschosocial theory (erikson)

A

development happens by overcoming challenges in life

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5
Q

behaviourism

A

observable behaviours show us what individuals know

all development happens by learning behaviours

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6
Q

classical conditioning

A

development happens because of associations we make

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7
Q

operent conditioning

A

development happens because of behaviours we choose to do

reinforcement: rewards used to encourage certain behaviours

punishment: used to discourage a behaviour

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8
Q

cognitive theory

A

how we think about our world

how we learn from our world

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9
Q

sociocultural

A

learn to behave in society by others

importance of culture

development occurs between interaction between a person and society

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10
Q

holism

A

examining how a whole person develops

elders as mentors

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11
Q

special cell:

A

gamete

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12
Q

gamete:

A

cells for reproduction (creating humans)

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13
Q

each egg & sperm:

A

contains 23 chromosomes

23 chromosomes → genetic material

genetic material: DNA molecules

DNA → instructions to make proteins

genes → organize DNA instructions (up to 50,000 genes)

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14
Q

egg + sperm = zygote

A

23 chr + 23 chr = 46 chr

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15
Q

zygote=

A

potential human

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16
Q

conception takes…

A

14 days

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17
Q

goal (zygote)

A

zygote implants on uterine wall

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18
Q

cell differentiation

A

< 1mm long ~ 100 cells

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19
Q

the embryo

A

week 3-8

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20
Q

goal (embryo)

A

formation of major body parts

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21
Q

cephalocaudal

A

top down

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22
Q

proximodistal

23
Q

placenta

Study These Flashcards
A

passes nutrients to embryo umbilical cord

joins embryo to placenta

brings nutrients

removes waste

24
Q

fetus

Study These Flashcards
A

week 9-birth

systems function/work together

19.21 inches/7.5 pounds

25
teratogens
substances/situations that increase risk of abnormalities
26
teratogens general
malnutrition impact development size and vulnerability at birth long term stress -miscarriage, early labour, mom stress hormones, decrease of oxygen to fetus -mom low immune system, mom engaging in risky behaviour
27
teratogens general
disease pass through placenta during birthing in birth canal drugs prescription/non prescription legal/non legal should contact health professional
28
stage 1 (labour & delivery)
cervix opens goal: cervix dilates to 8-10 cms dilation = contractions longest stage ( > 12 hours)
29
stage 2 (labour & delivery)
pushing happens
30
postpartum depression
half of all new moms 10-15% → severe *postpartum depression* research: affects warmth & enthusiasm of mothering
31
body growth
muscles: longer & thicker year 1: layer of fat added
32
sleep
newborns sleep 15-17 hours in sleep state brain development → REM sleep: rapid eye movement sleep
33
brain growth
brain becoming complex brain becomes specialized
34
brain communication: neurons
brain cells billions in brain carry messages throughout the cns (central nervous systems → brain & spinal cord)
35
neuron communication: synapse
neuron must cross a bridge to be active if neurons send a message: releases chemicals (neurotransmitters)
36
brain becoming specialized: hemispheres
specialized left vs right work together
37
stage 2 (labour & delivery)
pushing happens newborn is pushed down the birth canal shorter stage ( > 2 hours)
38
stage 3 (labour & delivery)
contractions resume placenta is “birthed” examine placenta
39
somatosensory cortex
deals with touch well developed in young top of the head
40
experience and the brain
experiences for babies stimulate the brain impacts brain structure a good thing
41
vision
least mature at birth preferences complex patterns human faces
42
hearing
overall strong prenatal & postnatal evidence postnatal 1) become startled 2) use sound to locate objects
43
smell
well developed distinguish odors prefer mothers’ scent
44
taste
well developed sugar → calming salty → tolerate sour → sensitive
45
touch
super important provides comfort pain reactions
46
motor development
before controlled movements… babies are born with reflexes automatic responses survival advantage social advantage
46
skin to skin contact (kangaroo care)
babies do better after they’re discharged -improves oxygen saturation levels -improves brain growth & development
46
feeding
sucking → mouth is prepared for bottle or breastfeeding rooting → rub babies cheek, turn in direction and open mouth (expecting food)
47
gross motor development
large muscles large body movements crawling, scooting, standing, walking
47
movement
moro (startle reflex) → when you startle them, they brace their hands and bring them towards themselves stepping → foot to foot
47
grabbing
pre-reach: attempt to reach palmer grasp: grab using palm of hand pincer grasp: using thumb and finger hand preference (around 2 years) final decision in pre school
48
fine motor development
smaller muscles involved small movements grab, point, hold
49

lifespan & development (2 decks)

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