Test 1

Question 1

Criteria for Determining
Abnormality

Answer 1

– Unusualness
– Social deviance
– Faulty perceptions/interpretations of reality
– Significant personal/emotional distress
– Maladaptive/self-defeating behavior
– Dangerousness

Question 2

Biological Perspective

Answer 2

 Abnormal behavior results from
organic/physiological factors
 Genetics
 Nervous System

Question 3

Soma

Answer 3

process info

Question 4

Axons

Answer 4

send impulses

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

receive impulses

Question 6

Neurotransmitters

Answer 6

• Dopamine – influences movement/attention (schizo.)
• Serotonin – regulates mood (depression)

Question 7

Psychoanalytic

Answer 7

–Abnormal behavior results from
unconscious motives/conflicts
Involve sexual & aggressive urges

Question 8

Structure of mind

Answer 8

• Conscious – present awareness
• Preconscious – not aware of but may be brought to
  consciousness
• Unconscious – not aware of

Question 9

Structure of personality

Answer 9

• Id – pleasure principle (instant gratification)
• Ego – reality principle (practical/possible)
• Superego – ideal principle (moral/values)

Question 10

Defense mechanisms

Answer 10

– Repression – exclude unwanted thoughts from
consciousness (past)
– Rationalization – find reasonable explanations for
unacceptable behaviors
– Regression – return to earlier stage of development
– Denial – does not acknowledge unpleasant event or accept
reality (present)

Question 11

Behaviorist

Answer 11

Abnormal behavior represents
learning of inappropriate/
maladaptive behaviors

Question 12

earning models

Answer 12

–Operant conditioning
Reinforcement vs punishment
–Modeling - learn by observation

Question 13

Humanistic

Answer 13

– Abnormal behavior results from poor self-
concept & lack of personal growth
– Self-actualizing – reach full potential
– Unconditional positive regard –
everyone is worthy of love

Question 14

Cognitive

Answer 14

–Abnormal behavior results from
inaccurate/biased beliefs
–Cognitive distortions
Absolute thinking – viewing in extremes
Overgeneralization – make a rule based
on a few incidences/events

Question 15

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 15

Abnormal behavior results from
social/cultural factors (gender,
ethnicity, class)

Question 16

Biopsychosocial Perspective

Answer 16

Abnormal behavior results from
multiple factors

Question 17

Diathesis-Stress Model

Answer 17

Predisposition + Stressors =
Disorder

Question 18

Clinical Interview

Answer 18

– Identifying information
– Description of presenting problems
– Psychosocial history
– Psychiatric history
– Medical problems/medication

Question 19

Intelligence tests

Answer 19

– Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
– Wechsler Intelligence Scale - Children (WISC)

Question 20

Projective Tests

Answer 20

– Projective tests
 Rorschach
–10 inkblots
 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
–Cards depict ambiguous scenes

Question 21

Objective tests

Answer 21

• Range of responses is limited
• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
  Inventory
  –~575 true-false questions

Question 22

Neuropsychological Assessment

Answer 22

Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
 Assess brain damage

Question 23

Behavioral Assessment

Answer 23

– Self-Monitoring
– Behavioral Rating Scales

Question 24

Physiological Assessment

Answer 24

– Positron emission tomography (PET)
– Tracer mixed with glucose & injected

Question 25

Free association

Answer 25

uncensored thoughts  Say whatever comes to mind

Question 26

Resistance

Answer 26

unwilling/unable to discuss material

Question 27

Dream analysis

Answer 27

Not used often

Question 28

Transference

Answer 28

client transfers feelings to therapist

Question 29

Countertransference

Answer 29

therapist transfers feelings to client

Question 30

Behavior Therapy

Answer 30

-Systematic desensitization -Modeling -Token economy -Aversive conditioning

Question 31

Humanistic Therapy

Answer 31

-Unconditional positive regard -Empathy -Genuineness

Question 32

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 32

Change cognitive distortions/maladaptive beliefs

Question 33

Eclectic Therapy

Answer 33

Use multiple approaches/techniques

Question 34

Group, Family, & Couples Therapy

Answer 34

– Group therapy – members provide support – Family/couples therapy – examine faulty patterns of communication

Question 35

Drug Therapy

Answer 35

– Antianxiety drugs – Antipsychotic drugs – Antidepressants - SSRIs – Lithium – bipolar disorder

Question 36

Stress

Answer 36

– Reactions: physical, psychological, behavioral – Vulnerability depends upon coping skills & social support

Question 37

Physical reactions to stress

Answer 37

– Tense muscles, headaches, nausea, loss of hair, cardiovascular disease

Question 38

General Adaptation Scale (GAS)

Answer 38

– Alarm reaction – mobilize body for defense * Fight or flight – Resistance – renew spent energy & repair damage – Exhaustion – heart rate, breathing decrease

Question 39

Psychological reactions to stress

Answer 39

Anxiety, fear, anger, depression, frustration

Question 40

Adjustment Disorders

Answer 40

– Maladaptive response to identifiable stressor(s) * Doesn’t last > 6 months after stressor has ended – Distress is out of proportion to stressor(s) and/or significant impairment in social/occupational functioning

Question 41

Prolonged Grief Disorder

Answer 41

– Death (> 12 months ago) of person close to client – Intense yearning/longing for deceased person and/or preoccupation with thoughts/memories of them – 3 or more symptoms * Identity disruption - Difficulty reintegrating * Disbelief about the death - Emotional numbness * Avoidance of reminders - Meaninglessness of life * Emotional pain - Loneliness

Question 42

Behavioral reactions to stress

Answer 42

– Jumpy – Interfere/help performance – Quit jobs, move, drop-out – Aggression, alcohol, drugs – Suicide

Question 43

Treatments for stress

Answer 43

– Meditation – Relaxation – Nutrition/exercise

Question 44

Trauma-Related Disorders

Answer 44

– Acute Stress Disorder (lasts 3 days - 1 month) – Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (lasts > 1 month)

Question 45

Major Features/Symptoms of Trauma-Related Disorders

Answer 45

– Intrusion (flashbacks/nightmares) – Avoidance (cues/reminders) – Negative emotional states (anger/guilt) – Arousal/Reactivity (hypervigilance/startle response)