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test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the brightness of a dot corresponds to the ___ of the echo
a. location
b. speed
c. strength
d. angle

A

strength

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2
Q

a rectangular image display would be seen when using a ___ transducer
a. sector
b. vector
c. convex
d. linear

A

linear

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3
Q

the location of each dot corresponds to the ____ of the echo to return
a. strength
b. time
c. pulse
d. frequency

A

time

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4
Q

the method in which each pulse originates from the same starting point is termed a ____ image.
a. sector
b. linear
c. convex
d. none of the above

A

sector

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5
Q

echoes produced by _____ objects have a different ____ than the pulses sent into the body
a. stationary; frequencies
b. stable; directions
c. moving; frequencies
d. moving; echoes

A

moving; frequencies

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6
Q

doppler ultrasound detects movement of ____
a. tissue
b. blood
c. A and B
D. none of the above

A

a and b

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7
Q

All of the following are doppler display instruments except:
a. spectral analysis
b. strip chart
c. color
d. transducer

A

transducer is not a display instrument

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8
Q

the doppler effect is change in echo:
a. frequency
b. strength
c. amplitude
d. direction

A

frequency

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9
Q

the motion that produces the Doppler effect is that of the ______
a. TGC
b. Display
c. reflector
d. sound beam

A

reflector

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10
Q

a ______ scan is shaped like a slice of pie
a. sector
b. convex
c. linear
d. curvilinear

A

sector

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11
Q

sonography is medical anatomic imagining using _____-_____ technique
a. starting point
b. pulse echo
c. vertical parallel
d. transducer instrument

A

pulse ehco

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12
Q

3D imaginig requires many adjacent tissue ______ _____ to build the imagine
a. moving objects
b. frequency shifts
c. cross sections
d. ultrasound pulses

A

cross sections

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13
Q

one pulse of ultrasound generates a single scan line as it travels through a tissue
a. ture
b. false

A

true for now

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14
Q

ultrasound transducers can only generate ultrasound pulses
a. true
b. false

A

false beacuse they can also receive ultrasound pulses

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15
Q

ultrasound transducers can deteremine the character of blood flow
a. true
b. false

A

true

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16
Q

_______ is the number of complete cyles per second
a. wavelenght
b. period
c. frequency
d. propogation speed

A

frequency

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17
Q

sound requires a _____ through which to travel
a. medium
b. pressure
c. vaccum
d. wave

A

medium

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18
Q

the follwoing are all ultrasound frequencies expect:
a. 30,000 Hz
b. 250 kHz
c. 15 kHz
d. 0.30 MHz

A

15 kHz beacuse the range is
<20 Khz
<20,000 Hz
<2 mhz
0.30 is 300,000 Hz

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19
Q

if frequency increases, period will ______
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remain unchanged
d. none of the above

A

decrease

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20
Q

wavelength is the _______ over which one cycle occurs
a. time
b. distance
c. area
d. all of the above

A

distance

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21
Q

propogation speed is the speed at which a wave _____ through a medium.
a. cycles
b. speckles
c. travels
d. reflects

A

travels

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22
Q

stiffer media have ______sound speeds
a. lower
b. higher
c. stiffness doesnt change the propogation speed
d. sound cannot propogate through stiffer media

A

higher

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23
Q

frequency _______ wavelength
a. is directly proportional to
b. is inversly proportional to
c. is equal to
d. has no bearing on

A

is inversly proportional to

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24
Q

propagation speed is primarily deteremined by the ______ of the medium.
a. density
b. thickness
c. stifness
d. water

A

stiffness

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25
ultrasound pulses contain a range of frequencies called the ______ a. fundamental frequencies b. duty factor c. pulse repetition frequencies d. bandwidth
bandwidthe
26
pulsed ultrasound consists of _____ seperated by _____ of time a. frequencies; cycles b. pulses; cycles c. pulses; gaps d. cycles; pulses
pulses; gaps
27
pulse repetition frequency is the _____ of pulses occuring in 1 second a. speed b. number c. type d. cycle
number
28
regions of lower pressure and density are called _______. a. compressions b. rarefactions c. longitudinal waves d. acoustic variables
rarefactions
29
period is the _____ it takes for one ____ to occur a. time; cycle b. time; wavelenght c. frequency; cycle d. time; pulse
time; cycle
30
_______ is (are) the even and odd multiples of the fundamental frequency a. bandwidth b. harmonics c. mechanical waves d. side lobes
harmonics
31
propagation speed is higher in _____ than soft tissue a. lung b. bone c. water d. fat
bone
32
doppler ultrasound pulses are typically ___ cycles long a. 2 or 3 b. 12 to 30 c. 5 to 20 d. 5 to 30
5 to 30
33
the percentage of time that pulsed ultrsound is on is called _____ a. pulse repetition period b. duty factor c. period d. spatial pulse length
duty factor
34
the rate at which energy passes through a unit area is called _____ a. amplitude b. power c. attenutation d. intensity
intensity
35
as sound travels, th reduction in amplitude and intensity of the wave is called _______ a. scattering b. attenuation c. absorption d. reflection
attenutation
36
the wavelength of 3 MHz ultrasound in soft tissue is _____mm. a. 510 b. 5.1 c. 0.51 d. 4.6
0.51 wavelenth= 1.54/ frequency
37
what would the frequency be for a 0.22mm wavelength in soft tissue? a. 5.0 MHz b. 7.0 Mhz c. 7.5 mhZ d. 3.5 Mhz
7.0 Mhz
38
what is the period of a 5.0 MHz transducer in soft tissue? a. 0.2 us b. 0.02 us c. 3.1 us d. 0.2 sec
0.2 us T= 1/F
39
what is the pulse duration of a four-cyle pulse in a period of 0.5us? a. 0.2 us b. 2.0 us c. 1.25 us d. 0.125 us
2.0 us PD= T x # cycles
40
the spatial pulse lentgh in soft tissue for a three-cycle pulse, using a frequency of 5.0 MHz, is ___-- a. 0.6 mm b. 6.0mm c. 0.9mm d. 9.0mm
0.9 SPL= wavelentgh x # cycles
41
if the wavelength is 0.5mm, the spatial pulse length for a four-cycle pulse is a. 0.2 mm b. 8.0 mm c. 0.8mm d. 2.0 mm
2.0 mm SPL= wavelength x # cycles
42
the avergae propagation speed in human soft tissue is ______. a. 1.54 cm/us b. 1.54 mm/ us c. 15.4 m.sec d. none of the above
1.54 mm/us
43
if you employ a 7.5 MHz transducer, what is the wavelength of the sound in soft tissue? a. 0.11mm b. 0.21mm c. 0.025mm d. 1.1 mm
0.21mm
44
if you switch to a lower frequency for penetration, the wavelength of the transducer will ______ a. remain unchanged b. decrease c. increase d. double
increase
45
20 KHz is equal to ____Hz a. 200 b. 2,000 c. 20,000 d. 200,000
20,000
46
500 Hz is equal to _____ kHz. a. 5 b. 50 c. 5,000 d. 0.500
0.500 1Khz= 1000Hz
47
what is the attenuation coefficient for a 5.0 MHz transducer in soft tissue a. 0.25 dB/cm b. 0.1 dB/cm c. 2.5 dB/cm d. 10.0 dB/cm
2.5 dB/cm attenuation coefficient= 1/2x frequnecy
48
at what depth would a 3.0 Mhz transducer have an attenuation of 9 Db. a. 6.0 mm b. 0.6 cm c. 6.0 cm d. 0.6mm
6.0 cm 1/2 x 3= 1.5 dB/cm then 9/ 1.5 = 6 cm
49
the attenuation of a 5.0 MHz transducer at a depth of 4cm is ___dB. a. 1.6 db b. 10.0 db c. 16.0 db d. 20.0 db
10.0 db 1/2 x 5= 2/5 dB/cm 2.5 x 4= 10 db
50
what is the attenuation of 7.5 MHz transducer at a dpeth of 20mm? a. 7.5 db b. 5.0 db c. 0.53 db d. 75.0 db
7.5 db 20mm= 2 cm 1/2 x 7.5= 3.75 db/cm 3.75 x 2= 7.5 db
51
if beam power increases, intensity will ____. a. increase b. decrease c. double d. remain unchanged
increase
52
if beam area decreased, the intensity will _____ a. decrease b. remain unchanged c. increased d. quadruple
increased
53
attenutation increases with increasing _____ a. wavelength b. frequency c. power d. pressure
frequency
54
for perpendicular incidence, the incidence angle is ____ degress a. 50 degrees b. 10 degrees c. 90 degress d. 0 degrees
90
55
the pulse repetition frequency is the number of pulses that occur in a ______ a. microsecond b. second c. millisecond d. pulse
second
56
calculate the pulse duration fo a 3.0 MHz transducer in soft tissue with a four-cycle pulse a. 1.2 us b. 1.3 us c. 12.0 us d. 13.0 us
1.3 us PD= T x # of cycles
57
pulse duration will increase with all of the following expect: a. period b. number of cycles in the pulse c. frequency d. none of the above
frequency
58
continous wave doppler has a duty factor of ___ % a. 1 b. 0.10 c. 100 d. 10
100
59
the duty factor will increae with all of the following expect: a. pulse repetition frequency b. pulse duration c. period d. none of the abov
pulse repetition frequency
60
what is the spatial pulse length of a four-cycle pulse with a wavelentgh of 0.1mm? a 4.0mm b. 0.4cm c. 0.4mm d. 40.0mm
0.4mm SPL= wavelenght x #of cycles
61
the spatial pulse length will increse with all of the following expect: a. wavelenght b. frequency c. number of cycles in the pulse d. none of the above
frequency
62
the attenuation coefficient for soft tissue using 10 MHz transducer is ____ a. 5 db/cm b. 5 db/mm c. 10 db/cm d. 10 db/mm
5 db/cm
63
impedance is equal to the denisty multipled by _____ a. propagation speed b. wavelength c. path length d. stiffness
propagation speed
64
the unit for impedance is ___ a. W/cm^2 b. db/cm c. watt d. rayle
rayl
65
the even harmonics of 2 Mhz are ____-MHz a. 2,4,6 b. 4,8,12 c. 2,4,8 d. 4,6,8
4,8,12
66
in perpendicular incidence, what is the intensity reflection coefficient for impedances of 45 and 55 rayls? a. 0.001 b. -0.01 c. 0.01 d. 0.10
0.01
67
snells law relates the ___beam direction to the incident beam direction and the speeds of sound in the two materials forming the inerface a. scattering b. rarefaction c. reflected d. transmitted
transmitted snells law is all about refraction
68
the distance to the relflector in soft tissue with a round-trip time of 39 us is a. 30 cm b. 60 mm c. 60 cm d. 30 mm
30mm 13 us/cm 39us / 13 us/cm= 3 cm or 30 mm
69
what does -3 db of attenuation mean? a. one half of the original intensity b. one third of the orginal intensity c. 3 decibels more than the original intensity d. increasing amplitude
one half of the orignial intensity 3db= 50%
70
the attenutation of 5 MHz transducer in soft tissue would be ____ db at 2 a. 20.0 b. 5.0 c. 10.0 d. 1.25
5.0
71
continous wave sound is described by all of the terms below expect: a. pulse duration b. frequency c. wavelength d. propogation speed
pulse duration
72
attenuation encompasses: a. absorption b. scattering c. reflection d. all of the above
all of the above
73
what units are used to quantify attenution? a. it is unitless b. db/cm c. db d. rayls
db
74
impedance increases when ___ increases a. density b. propagation speed c. A or B d. none of the above
A or B
75
for perpendicular incidence and equal impedances between media, there is no ____ and the _____ equals the incident intensity a. transmission; reflected b. reflection; transmitted c. transmission; transmitted d. reflection;reflected
reflection; transmitted
76
the distance to a reflector in soft tissue is 15 cm. what is the round-trip time to this depth? a. 19.5 us b. 195.0 us c. 1.15 us d. 11.5 us
195.0 us 13 us/cm x 15= 195 us
77
if the pulse duration is 3 us and the pulse repetition period is 350 us, the duty factor is ______% a. 0.86 b. 8.6 c. 0.086 d. 1.16
DF= PD/ PRP = 0.0086x 100= 0.86
78
in oblique incidence the ____ and ___ angles are always equal a. transmitted; reflected b. normal; transmitted c. incidence; reflection d. incidence; transmitted
incidence; reflection
79
if an echo returns 104 us after a pulse was emitted by a transducer. at what depth is the structure that produced the echo located? a. 0.8 mm b. 80.0 cm c. 8.0 mm d. 8.0 cm
8.0 cm 104 us/ 13 us/cm= 8cm
80
intensity is equal to the power of a wave divided by the _____ over which the power is spread a. diameter b. radius c. area d. width
area
81
the propagation speed for a round-trip time of 39 us through soft tissue is _____mm/us a. 1540.0 b. 15.4 c. 1.45 d. none of the above
none of the above it is 1.54mm/us
82
____ is the dominant factor contributing to attenuation of ultrasound in soft tissue a. absorption b. backscattering c. reflection d. range
absorption
83
interfaces that scatter ultrasound energy, are usually considered to be those that are equal to or smaller than the wavelenght a. true b. false
true, really small thing and irregular surfaces scatter
84
sound can travel through air, lung, bone and a vaccum a. true b. false
false
85
sound is a mechanical longitudinal wave a. true b. false
true
86
stiffer media have higher sound speeds a. true b. false
true
87
the propagation speed in soft tissue is considered a constant a. true b. false
true
88
duty factor is unitless a. true b. false
true
89
attenuation increases with an increase in wavelength a. true b. false
false because an increase in wavelentgh means a decrease in frequency so therefore a decrease in attenuation decreases
90
spatial avergae is the average intensity at the beam center a. true b. false
false, it is the avergae of the whole beam
91
when frequency increases, the period decreases
true
92
the propagaion speed in soft tissue is 1.54 m/s
false 1.54mm/us or 1,540 m/s
93
a cycle is one complete variation in pressure
true, cycle has high and low pressure
94
the shorter the pulse, the broader the bandwidth
True

physics test questions (1 decks)

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