test 1

Question 1

how would you define classical conditioning?

Answer 1

the process where a neutral stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response

Question 2

what is NOT one of the 3 parts of a psychological disorder?

Answer 2

biological predisposition

Question 3

biological part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model

Answer 3

physical, medical environment

Question 4

psychological part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model

Answer 4

emotions, behavior, psychological disorders, learning abilities

Question 4

What term did Skinner coin to describe the type of learning in which behavior changes as a function of what follows the behavior?

Answer 4

operant conditioning

Question 5

spiritual part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model

Answer 5

philosophy and meaning of life, purpose or belonging

Question 6

social part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model

Answer 6

family, friends, culture

Question 7

Match the following system with its primary functions: autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

regulates the cardiovascular and endocrine system

Question 7

Match the following system with its primary functions: CNS

Answer 7

send messages to and from the brain

Question 8

Match the following system with its primary functions: PNS

Answer 8

coordinates brain stem for the body’s proper functioning

Question 9

Match the following system with its primary functions: sympathetic division

Answer 9

fight or flight

Question 9

Match the following system with its primary functions: parasympathetic division

Answer 9

balances sympathetic and normalizes arousal

Question 10

Match the following system with its primary functions: somatic nervous system

Answer 10

controls muscles and voluntary movement

Question 11

Learned helplessness is best described as:

Answer 11

When an individual believes that a solution is beyond reach, whether or not it is actually attainable

Question 12

Historically, what did most societies attribute the cause of mental health issues to?

Answer 12

Supernatural forces and divine intervention, believing mental illness was a result of curses, possession, or displeasure of gods

Question 13

Match the following term of assessment with the correct definition: reliability

Answer 13

measurement consistency; ensures agreement among different raters on conclusion

Question 14

Match the following term of assessment with the correct definition: validity

Answer 14

measures what it is designed to- measuring what we want to measure

Question 15

Match the following term of assessment with the correct definition: standardization

Answer 15

established norms for consistent use- ensures patients get what they need for the best evaluation

Question 16

Who is considered the founding father of modern psychology? Particularly because of his development of the psychoanalytic model.

Answer 16

Freud

Question 17

What is the primary distinction between assessment and diagnosis?

Answer 17

Assessment focuses on gathering information and data, while diagnosis involves forming a conclusion or identifying a specific condition

Question 18

Match the following term with the correct definitions: hypothesis

Answer 18

what you expect to find

Question 19

Match the following term with the correct definitions: independent variable

Answer 19

variable that you measure that will be used to predict the outcome

Question 19

Match the following term with the correct definitions: dependent variable

Answer 19

the outcome or response that is measured or observed in an experiment

Question 19

Match the following term with the correct definitions: variable

Answer 19

category or object you are trying to measure

Question 20

In an experiment to investigate the impact of different study durations on exam performance, which of the following correctly identifies the independent and dependent variables?

Answer 20

Independent Variable: Study Duration; Dependent Variable: Exam Performance

Question 21

This year was a landmark year in the classification of mental health disorders and how we diagnose today

Answer 21

1980

Question 22

We are currently on what version of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)?

Answer 22

DSM-5-TR

Question 22

What does the term "comorbidity" mean?

Answer 22

The co-occurrence of two or more medical conditions or disorders in a single individual.

Question 23

Which of the following best describes Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Answer 23

A mental disorder characterized by excessive and uncontrollable fear and anxiety about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause.

Question 24

Determine if the following statement is true or false: Men are twice as likely to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as compared to women

Answer 24

False

Question 25

In general, what is the best treatment for most mental health disorders?

Answer 25

Medication and therapy

Question 26

Which of the following best defines the terms "obsessions" and "compulsions" in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Answer 26

Obsessions are intrusive and unwanted thoughts or urges, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria that appears in the criteria for almost all disorders in the DSM?

Answer 27

Age of onset

Question 27

The biggest contribution of the DSM is that it created a standardized approach to diagnosis

Answer 27

true

Question 28

A clinical interview only gathers information and history about the psychological problem

Answer 28

false

Question 29

what is characteristic of BDD?

Answer 29

Preoccupation w/ one or more defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others

Question 29

how much of the population is affected by body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?

Answer 29

~2.3-7% (women have higher diagnosis rates)

Question 30

is PTSD a lifetime disorder?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

which population of people are most likely to develop PTSD?

Answer 31

Job occupations w/ High trauma exposure

Question 32

dissociative disorders

Answer 32

feelings of detachment, "floating" or "dreaming". often caused by extreme stress or trauma

Question 32

somatic symptoms

Answer 32

preoccupied with their health or appearance, disorder seems physical at first, excessive or maladaptive response to physical symptoms or associated health concerns

Question 32

mood depressive disorder

Answer 32

the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual's capacity to function

Question 33

true or false: females experience a higher rate of mood depressive disorder than males beginning in early adolescence

Answer 33

true

Question 34

unipolar disorder

Answer 34

mood remains at one end of the depression-mania continuum

Question 35

depressive mood

Answer 35

low mood, sadness, emptiness, lack of interest

Question 36

bipolar disorders

Answer 36

mood fluctuates between the 2 extremes of the depression-mania continuum; It is a mental illness that brings severe high and low moods and changes aspects of sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior

Question 37

manic mood

Answer 37

extreme pleasure, joy, elation, euphoria

Question 38

manic episode

Answer 38

distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least 1 week, and present most of the day, nearly every day Necessitates hospitalization Symptoms impact work, socializing and relationships

Question 38

are mania and hypomania medical emergencies?

Answer 38

yes

Question 38

hypomanic episode

Answer 38

Mood disturbance is observable to others Episode isn’t severe enough to necessitate hospitalization Episodes aren’t attributable to the effects of a substance Never displays psychotic features Behaviors don’t impair work, socialization, relationships