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Language Disorder > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

extralinguistic elements of communication

A

paralinguistic
nonlinguistic
metalinguistic

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2
Q

language

A

coded arbitrary symbols referring to real things, concepts, and ideas

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3
Q

what is required to produce speech?

A

neurological control of physical movements to create sounds (respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation)

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4
Q

respiration

A

coordinated, rapid muscular activities of the chest

provides air in which speech sound waves travel

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5
Q

resonation

A

amplification and modification of sound in the vocal tract (oral cavity, nasal cavity, and pharynx)

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6
Q

phonation

A

production of sound through vibration of vocal folds

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7
Q

articulation

A

tongue, jaw, lip, palate used to modify sound

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8
Q

stress

A

relative loudness with which certain syllables in a word are produced

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9
Q

pitch

A

on a scale high to low

can demonstrate personal characteristics of speakers (gender, age, emotion)

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10
Q

intonation

A

patterns of rises and falls in pitch within and across utterances to convey it as a statement, question, or surprise

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11
Q

how important is nonverbal communication?

A

carries more than half of social meaning and determines quality and effectiveness of interpersonal interactions

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12
Q

semantics

A

deals with referents (meanings) for word and meaning of utterances

involves vocabulary

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13
Q

morphology

A

rules for deriving various word forms and rules for using grammatical markers or inflections

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14
Q

phonology

A

organization of speech sounds in languages

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15
Q

syntax

A

set of rules that govern how words are to be sequences in the utterances and how words in an utterance are related

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16
Q

pragmatics

A

aspect of language that helps us achieve communicative or social functions

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17
Q

communication

A

sending and receiving of messages, information, ideas, or feelings

does not have to be spoken

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18
Q

referents

A

things represented by the symbols in a language

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19
Q

speech

A

oral expression of language

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20
Q

extralinguistic communication

A

behaviors such as loudness, frowning, or using gesture to enhance or change linguistic code

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21
Q

paralinguistic

A

melodic components of speech that modify meaning
(stress, pitch, intonation)

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22
Q

nonlinguistic

A

nonverbal communication

proxemics and kinesics

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23
Q

metalinguistic

A

ability to use language to communication or talk about and to analyze language

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24
Q

phoneme

Study These Flashcards
A

sounds that distinguish one meaningful word from another

25
phonotactic
study of how sounds are combined in a language each language has its own set of phonotactic rules
26
categories of types of single words
substantive relational social
27
what does the development of metalinguistic skills look like in children?
initially children do no understand that what they say can be different than what they are doing they then begin to ask an object's name, comment they've forgotten a word, repair utterances, practice words and sounds, rhyme words and correct someone
28
deictic
terms with referents, depending on who is speaking, respective location of objects, and temporal relationships to speaker and listener
29
overextension vs under-extension
overextension is applying a term to more items (calling all 4 legged animals a dog) under-extension is limiting a term (only calling one specific bottle a bottle, no other bottle is a bottle
30
final stage of speech act development
locutionary
31
variegated babbling
non-reduplicated babbling
32
stages of prelinguistic vocal development
reflexive vocalization cooing and laughter vocal play canonical babbling jargon
33
reflexive vocalization stage
birth - 2 months reflexive vocalizations and vegetative sounds
34
cooing and laughter stage
2 - 4 months vowel like with consonantal elements from 12 weeks- crying decreases at 16 weeks- laugher emerges
35
vocal play stage
4 - 6 months vowel like and consonant like sounds closer to marginal babbling and productions favor the front intonation variation in pitch and loudness, yelling emerges
36
canonical babbling stage
6+ months collective term for the reduplicated and non-reduplicated babbling
37
reduplicated babbling
marked similar strings of consonant-vowel productions
38
non-reduplication
variation in both consonant and vowel from syllable to syllable
39
jargon stage
10 months mostly non-reduplicated babbles overlaid with intonation and stress patterns consists of rhythm, stopping, eye contact, and gestures
40
first word spoken
around first birthday needs to be used consistently and in context
40
components of central nervous system
brain and spinal cord brainstem, cerebrum, cerebellum, cortex
41
articulators
lips, teeth, tongue, palate, velum
42
how is an infant's vocal tracts different from an adult's?
At birth, infants have a smaller oral space and lower jaw, sucking pads, larger tongue, engage in mouth breathing, can breathe and swallow at the same time, higher larynx, and eustachian tubes are horizontal
43
pragmatic elements of speech
turn taking topic maintenance revisions
44
5 stages of learning to read
-initial reading/decoding stage -fluency, confirmation -reading to learn -multiple viewpoints -construction and reconstruction-world view
45
factors in child's literacy development
home and family environment schools
46
adult-child story book reading
social interactive event containing routine dialogue cycles
47
use of negatives
rejection, deny, signify nonexistence
48
reflexive vocalizations
cries, coughs, grunts, burps
49
phonological processes
simplified pronunciation of words that follows a pattern syllable structure assimilation substitution
50
prelinguistic
infant communication but not using language
51
illocution
speaker having intent to communicate
52
locution
speaker expressing intention
53
perlocution
listener interpreting another's intended utterance
54
quick incidental learning
new words occur in context in a child's environment and the child discerns what the new word means
55
mazes
disruptors during speech such as: revising statements, repeating words, hesitating, making false starts, and using fillers
56
discourse
conversations, narratives, and expository
57
emergent literacy/preliteracy
development during preschool years and consists of pre-reading and prewriting behaviors and skills that develop into reading and writing skills
58
how is infant vocal tract different
3x smaller

Language Disorder (4 decks)

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