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Animal Nutrition > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

nutrition

A

sum of processes in an animal by which food substances are consumed, metabolized, and waste products are excreted

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2
Q

purpose of nutrition

A

growth, maintenance, and production

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3
Q

Methods of Digestion

A

mechanical, chemical, enzymatic

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

chemical reaction nutrients undergo after absorption

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5
Q

Absorption

A

movement of small molecules from GIT to blood/lymph nodes

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6
Q

Section of SI

A

duodenum, jejunum, Ileum

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7
Q

glands in saliva

A

mandibular/submaxillary- base of tongue
sublingual- underneath tongue
parotid- below ear

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8
Q

saliva contains

A

water, mucin (lubs for swallowing), bicarbonate salts (regulate pH of stomach), enzymes (starts CHO breakdown)

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9
Q

Regions of Stomach

A

Esophageal (non-glandular)
Cardiac Gland (mucus)
Fundic gland (gastric secretions)
Pyloric Gland (mucus/enzymes)

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10
Q

Rugae

A

ridges or folds in stomach to increase surface area and assist with mixing

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11
Q

What does HCl do in the stomach?

A

kills bacteria, activates digestive enzymes, and unfolds proteins

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12
Q

What does pepsinogen do?

A

chief cells of fundic region that inactivates proteolytic enzyme and gets converted pepsin that breaks down protein

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13
Q

what is the purpose of mucus in GIT?

A

protects stomach wall from acid/ pepsin and acts as a lubricant, produced in cardiac/pyloric cells

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14
Q

What is the purpose of Rennin?

A

Proteolytic enzyme produced in fundic region that coagulates milk to slow passage and is only in young

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15
Q

Which part of the SI is active site for digestion?

A

Duodenum

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16
Q

Plica

A

folds in SI lining that increases surface area X3

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17
Q

villi

A

finger-like projections on plica and increases surface area by X10

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18
Q

microvilli

A

brush border on villi that increases surface area by X200

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19
Q

Sections of LI

A

cecum, colon, rectum

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20
Q

foregut fermenter

A

fermentation occurs before SI and captures all benefits of microbial products (AA/vitamins) but nutrients can be microbial fermented

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21
Q

four compartments in rumen stomach

A

reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum

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22
Q

recticulum

A

traps heavy objects/ large feed particles (metal, rocks)
HONEYCOMB
contractions for ruminating/belching

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23
Q

Rumen

A

storage, soaking, mixing
largest section of stomach

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24
Q

Omasum

A

short, blunt papillae
reduces particle size and water absorption

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25
Abomasum
true stomach folds
26
papillae
tongue-like projections to absorb VFAs and NH3 (acetate, propionate, butyrate)
27
esophageal groove
delivers milk directly to abomasum from esophagus in young calves
28
rumination
increases digestibility, rapid ingestion, utilize poor quality protein and non-protein nitrogen
29
Reverse peristalsis
food coming back up esophagus for further chewing and break down
30
margo plicatus
where food meets gas in stomach
31
what causes stomach ulcers in hindgut fermenters?
continual acid production
32
Cecum
microbial populations secrete enzymes to digest and breakdown fibers and synthesis of vitamin B/K, proteins, volatile fatty acids
33
crop
enlarged area in esophagus that acts as a food storage and moistening, amylase activity
34
gizzard
contains small pebbles (grit) that is very muscular, with contractions
35
ceca
two blind pouches with minimal fiber digestion
36
cloaca
LI joins urinary/repro tract
37
classes of nutrients
water, carbs, protein, lipids, minerals, vitamins
38
function of water
digestion, absorption, temp regulation
39
how are carbs formed?
photosynthesis
40
basic unit of CHO
sugar
41
monosacharides
1 sugar molecule
42
disaccharides
2 sugar molecules
43
oligosaccharides
3-10 sugar molecules
44
polysaccharides
10+ sugar molecules
45
non-structural CHO
young forages breaks down in rumen/esophagus, absorbed in SI easily digested by mammalian/microbial enzymes starch, sugars wheat, oats, corn
46
structural CHO
mature forages breaks down by producing enzymes, producing volatile fatty acids, absorb by papillae, sent to liver by blood digested by microbial enzymes cellulose, hemicellulose hay, silage, forage
47
cereal grains
non-structual CHO corn, oats, barley, wheat
48
forages
structural CHO grasses, legumes
49
what is protein used for
building new muscle, hair, skin, bones, body tissues repairing muscle hormones/enzymes NOT energy source
50
essential AA
required in diet, body does not synthesize on own
51
nonessential AA
not require in diet, body synthesizes on own
52
10 essential AA
Methionine Histidine Arginine Isoleucine Valine Tryptophan Leucine Phenylalanine Threonine Lysine
53
Lipids function
provide energy and source of fatty acids
54
fatty acids
plasma membranes, hormones, transport of fat-soil vitamins
55
triglycerides
3 fatty acids and glycerol backbone
56
Two essential FA
Linolenic and Linoleic
57
lipoproteins
bound to protein in blood/tissue
58
simple fats
triglycerides
59
compound lipids
phospholipids (part of body cell membrane)
60
glycolipids
part of cerebrosides
61
saturated FA
carbon chain saturated with H more saturated/ shorter chain= lower melting point (more liquid)
62
unsaturated FA
carbon chain not saturated double bonds between carbon
63
microminerals
minerals required in small amounts trace minerals
64
macrominerals
required in large amounts
65
function on Microminerals
skeleton formation/maintenance function in protein synthesis oxygen transport fluid balance regulating acid-base balance activators/components of enzyme systems mineral-vitamin relationships
66
Macrominerals list
Calcium Chlorine Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Sulfur Magnesium
67
microminerals list
Manganese Molybdenum Iron Iodine Copper Cobalt Chromium Zinc Selenium
68
evaluation measures for feedstuff
Chemical, biological, microbiological
69
chemical methods
tells nutrient content, not nutrient availability
70
Biological methods
uses animals (growth/balance traits) tells nutrient utilization
71
microbiological
tells nutrient utilization, but employs isolate bacteria from GIT
72
which group of animals can digest carbs more completely?
ruminants
73
where is the site of acid secretion in the GIT of avians
proventriculus
74
bile helps digesting which nutrient
fats
75
protein requirements are largest for which type of animal
growing animals
76
where is the highest concentration of minerals in the body
skeletal system
77
Vitamins A, D, E, & K are considered
fat soluble vitamins
78
kjeldahl/crude protein
protein
79
ether extract
fat content
80
crude fiber
less digestible carbs
81
ash
minerals
82
nitrogen free extract
carbs

Animal Nutrition (1 decks)

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