Test #1

Question 1

text books def of child development

Answer 1

A field of study devoted to understanding constancy and change from conception through adolescence.

Question 2

3 broad domains of child development

Answer 2

physical, cognitive, emotional and social

Question 3

Difference between infancy, toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence

Answer 3

infancy and toddlerhood is 0-2
early childhood 2-6
middle childhood 6-11
adolescence 11-18

Question 4

infancy and toddler hood

Answer 4

body and brain development
intellectual capacities
language

Question 5

early childhood

Answer 5

longer and leaner body
motor skills
self-controlled and sufficient
make believe play

Question 6

middle childhood

Answer 6

master new responsibilities
perform as adults
athletic abilities
logical thinking

Question 7

adolescence

Answer 7

between childhood and adulthood
sexual maturity
autonomy from the family

Question 8

What age is the developmental period of child development

Answer 8

birth to 18

Question 9

Continuous vs. Discontinuous development

Answer 9

continuous: adding skills to skills already there
discontinuous: a new way of understanding skills

Question 10

nature vs. nurture development

Answer 10

nature: hereditary information
nurture: a physical and social world that influence

Question 11

Brain plasticity

Answer 11

development is open to change in
response to influential experiences. (nurture)

Question 12

Child resiliency

Answer 12

ability to adapt
effectively in the face of
threats to development

– Personal Characteristics
– Warm parental relationship
– Social support outside the immediate family
– Community resources and opportunities

Question 13

Reform Puritan approach

Answer 13

• children were born evil and had to be civilized
  restrictive child-rearing practices were recommended
• view of children as depraved and child
  rearing as an important obligation

Question 14

John Lockes Approach

Answer 14

Viewed the child as a tabula rasa, blank slate. d
development was continuous

Question 15

Charles Darwin Approach

Answer 15

theory of evolution emphasizes two related principles:
– natural selection
– survival of the fittest

Question 16

Binet and Simon

Answer 16

special classes for those who struggle in school (learning problems)
age-graded tests

Question 17

Frued

Answer 17

psychosexual theory: id, ego, and
superego become integrated during five stages:
– oral (birth–1 year)
– anal (1–3 years)
– phallic (3–6 years)
– latency (6–11 years)
– genital (adolescence)

Question 18

John Wattson

Answer 18

wanted to create an objective science of psychology

Question 19

Social learning theorists beliefs on CD

Answer 19

modeling (imitation or observational learning) as a powerful source of development

Question 20

Jean Piaget

Answer 20

cognitive-developmental theory:
– Children actively construct knowledge as they
manipulate and explore their world
– Central to this theory is the biological concept of
adaptation

Question 21

Piaget stages

Answer 21

• Sensorimotor (birth–2 years)
  – Preoperational (2–7 years)
  – Concrete operational (7–11 years)
  – Formal operational (11 years on)

Question 22

correlation

Answer 22

a research method that shows the relationship between two variables, but it doesn’t prove causation.

Question 23

xy

Answer 23

men

Question 24

xx

Answer 24

woman

Question 25

sex difference

Answer 25

twenty-third pair of chromosomes – Called XX in females, XY in males – X chromosome is relatively long; Y is short and carries little genetic material

Question 26

down syndrome

Answer 26

Most common chromosomal disorder – In 95% of cases, results from failure of twenty-first pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis – Consequences include intellectual disability, memory and speech problems, limited vocabulary, slow motor development

Question 27

Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 27

- an individual’s unique genetic information - an individual’s directly observable characteristics

Question 28

Amniosyntesis

Answer 28

a prenatal diagnostic procedure that involves removing a small amount of amniotic fluid from the uterus to test for certain genetic and chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.

Question 29

western families deciding to have kids

Answer 29

having children is a matter of individual choice

Question 30

birth order

Answer 30

theory is the idea that a person's birth order can impact their personality.

Question 31

mothers age impact

Answer 31

35 bad year older you are leads more complications

Question 32

germinal period

Answer 32

lasts about two weeks, until the mass of cells drifts out of the fallopian tube and attaches itself to the uterine wall

Question 33

implantation

Answer 33

between days 7 and 9, when the blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining

Question 34

amniotic fluid

Answer 34

a clear, slightly yellowish liquid that surrounds and protects the developing fetus in the uterus during pregnancy

Question 35

placenta

Answer 35

a temporary organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and connects the developing fetus to the mother

Question 36

Period of the embryo:

Answer 36

six weeks, from implantation through eighth week of pregnancy

Question 37

READ TB stages in womb

Question 38

when does heart develop and or pump

Answer 38

firstly

Question 39

eyes and major organs

Answer 39

second month

Question 40

external genitalia

Answer 40

first trimester

Question 41

thalidomide babies

Answer 41

a medication that was once used to treat morning sickness and insomnia, caused birth defects

Question 42

cocaine exposure

Answer 42

Linked to prematurity, low birth weight, brain abnormalities, physical defects, breathing difficulties, death around time of birth

Question 43

FASD

Answer 43

Range of physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal alcohol exposure

Question 44

more vulnerable group to FASD

Answer 44

native americans

Question 45

prenatal vitamins

Answer 45

folic acid reduces more than 70% of abnormalities