test 1

Question 1

BCE

Answer 1

“Before Common Era,” equivalent to BC (Before Christ).

Question 2

CE

Answer 2

“Common Era,” equivalent to AD (Anno Domini).

Question 3

Augustus

Answer 3

The first Roman emperor (27 BCE–14 CE), ruling during Jesus’ birth.

Question 4

Tiberius

Answer 4

Roman emperor (14–37 CE) during Jesus’ public ministry.

Question 5

Claudius

Answer 5

Roman emperor (41–54 CE) who expelled Jews from Rome.

Question 6

Nero

Answer 6

Roman emperor (54–68 CE) known for persecuting Christians.

Question 7

Herod the Great

Answer 7

King of Judea (37–4 BCE), known for extensive building projects and cruelty.

Question 8

Herod Antipas

Answer 8

Tetrarch of Galilee (4 BCE–39 CE), involved in Jesus’ trial.

Question 9

Tetrarch

Answer 9

A ruler of a quarter-region of a kingdom.

Question 10

Pontius Pilate

Answer 10

Roman governor (prefect) who authorized Jesus’ crucifixion.

Question 11

Herod Agrippa I

Answer 11

Grandson of Herod the Great, persecuted early Christians.

Question 12

Pagans

Answer 12

People who practiced polytheistic religions outside Judaism and Christianity.

Question 13

Mystery Religions

Answer 13

Secretive religious cults in the Greco-Roman world.

Question 14

Gnosticism

Answer 14

A belief system emphasizing secret knowledge for salvation.

Question 15

Patron-Client Relationship

Answer 15

A social system of mutual obligation in Roman society.

Question 16

Patron

Answer 16

A wealthy, influential person who provided benefits to clients.

Question 17

Client

Answer 17

A dependent individual who received benefits from a patron.

Question 18

Honor and Shame

Answer 18

Social values determining status in ancient Mediterranean societies.

Question 19

Pax Romana

Answer 19

“Roman Peace,” a period of stability across the empire (27 BCE–180 CE).

Question 20

Second Temple Period

Answer 20

Jewish history from 515 BCE–70 CE, when the Second Temple stood.

Question 21

Persian Period

Answer 21

539–332 BCE, when Jews returned from exile under Persian rule.

Question 22

Hellenistic Period

Answer 22

332–167 BCE, when Greek influence spread under Alexander the Great.

Question 23

Alexander the Great

Answer 23

Conqueror who spread Greek culture across the ancient world.

Question 24

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

Answer 24

Seleucid ruler who persecuted Jews and desecrated the Temple.

Question 25

Hasmonean Period

Answer 25

167–63 BCE, when Jewish leaders (Maccabees) ruled Judea.

Question 26

Maccabees

Answer 26

Jewish rebels who led a revolt against Seleucid rule.

Question 27

Roman Period

Answer 27

63 BCE–70 CE, when Rome controlled Judea.

Question 28

Torah

Answer 28

The first five books of the Hebrew Bible.

Question 29

Historical Jesus

Answer 29

The scholarly reconstruction of Jesus’ life and teachings.

Question 30

High Christology

Answer 30

Understanding Jesus as divine and preexistent.

Question 31

Gospel

Answer 31

"Good news"; narratives about Jesus' life and teachings.

Question 32

Fulfillment Citation

Answer 32

A reference in the Gospels showing Jesus fulfilling prophecy.

Question 33

Parable

Answer 33

A short story teaching a moral or spiritual lesson.

Question 34

Allegory

Answer 34

A symbolic narrative where characters/events represent deeper meanings.

Question 35

Miracle Story

Answer 35

A Gospel account of Jesus performing a supernatural act.

Question 36

Semeia/Signs

Answer 36

Miraculous deeds in John's Gospel revealing Jesus' divine nature.

Question 37

Pronouncement Story

Answer 37

A short narrative leading to a key saying of Jesus.

Question 38

Passion Narrative

Answer 38

The account of Jesus' suffering and crucifixion.

Question 39

Synoptic Puzzle/Problem

Answer 39

The question of the relationship between Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

Question 40

Synoptic Gospels

Answer 40

The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which share similarities.

Question 41

Q Source

Answer 41

A hypothetical source containing Jesus' sayings used in Matthew and Luke.

Question 42

Two-Source Hypothesis

Answer 42

The theory that Matthew and Luke used Mark and Q as sources.

Question 43

Diatessaron

Answer 43

A second-century harmony of the four Gospels into one narrative.

Question 44

Sermon on the Mount

Answer 44

Jesus’ ethical teachings found in Matthew 5–7.

Question 45

Transfiguration

Answer 45

The event where Jesus’ divine glory was revealed.

Question 46

Beatitudes

Answer 46

Blessings Jesus pronounced in the Sermon on the Mount.

Question 47

Intercalation

Answer 47

A literary technique inserting one story into another.

Question 48

Messianic Secret

Answer 48

Jesus' tendency to conceal his identity as the Messiah.

Question 49

Inclusio

Answer 49

A literary device where a passage begins and ends with similar elements.

Question 50

Magnificat

Answer 50

Mary’s song of praise in Luke 1.

Question 51

Theophilus

Answer 51

The recipient of Luke and Acts, possibly a patron or general reader.

Question 52

Parousia

Answer 52

The second coming of Christ.

Question 53

Logos

Answer 53

"Word"; John’s term for Jesus as divine and preexistent.

Question 54

Incarnation

Answer 54

The belief that Jesus is God in human form.

Question 55

Paraclete

Answer 55

The Holy Spirit as an advocate or helper.

Question 56

Scripto Continua

Answer 56

Writing without spaces or punctuation.

Question 57

Nomina Sacra

Answer 57

Abbreviations of sacred names in manuscripts.

Question 58

Dissimulatio

Answer 58

A strategy of concealing true thoughts or intentions.

Question 59

Septuagint (LXX)

Answer 59

Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.

Question 60

Apocalypticism

Answer 60

A worldview expecting divine intervention to defeat evil.

Question 61

Apostle

Answer 61

A messenger sent to spread the Gospel.

Question 62

Epistle

Answer 62

A letter, many written by Paul.

Question 63

Canon

Answer 63

The official list of biblical books.

Question 64

Exegesis

Answer 64

Critical interpretation of biblical texts.