test 1

Question 1

How many tissue layers do Cnidarians have?

Answer 1

2 (endotherm, ectoderm)

Question 2

Mesoglea

Answer 2

Extracellular matrix between the endoderm and ectoderm

Question 3

Advantage of polymorphism

Answer 3

Increased efficiency due to increased number of

Question 4

Advantages of polymorphism

Answer 4

Increased efficiency due to increased number

Question 5

Mesenteries

Answer 5

Increase the surface area availa for digestion by collecting/ covering a greater area to catch prey

Question 6

Coral bleaching

Answer 6

Loss of colour due to environmental stress

Question 7

Alternation of generations

Answer 7

Alternation between diploid and haploid life stages

Question 8

Components of a hydrostatic skeleton in a sea anemone

Answer 8

Contractile cells that contract changing the volume of fluid in certain areas of the body

Question 9

Sea Anemones life cycle

Answer 9

They can reproduce asexually (budding/fission)
And sexually- free spawning or brooding ( THERE IS NO MEDUSA STAGE)

Question 10

Advantage of Colonial growth

Answer 10

High surface area:volume ratio; greater chance of colony surviving

Question 11

Asexual process unique to scyphozoans

Answer 11

Strobilation (polyp divides multiple free swimming medusae)

Question 12

Seyphozoan Medusae

Answer 12

Elongated manumbrium into 4 orals lobes
Gonads inside gastrovascular cavity
No vellum

Question 13

Mesoglea

Answer 13

Extracellular matrix between the endoderm and ectoderm

Question 14

Platyhelminthes- digestion

Answer 14

Incomplete gut. Pharynx connects the mouth to the intestine.

Question 15

Platyhelminthes- evolution

Answer 15

Mesoderm; protonephridia; unidirectional, gas exchange; no coelom

Question 16

Oligochaete and clitellata posses…

Answer 16

Posses a clitellum (pronounced glandular region of the epidermis

Question 17

Oligochaetes (earthworms)

Answer 17

Few setae; parapodia; move by peristalsis (complete septa); hermaphrodite

Question 18

Cestoda (tapeworms)

Answer 18

Superflat (diffusion); scolex (hook mouth); body is proglotids ( packets with male and female organs, which detach from the end and self fertilise each other)

Question 19

Cephalopods are the only mollusks with…

Answer 19

a closed circulatory system

Question 20

The radula is presented in all mollusks but

Answer 20

bivalves- they respirate and feed via elongated ctenidia

Question 21

Benefits and negatives of shell

Answer 21

Protection; restricted growth and movement

Question 22

Mollusks body plan

Answer 22

4 part body plan (head, foot, mantle, visceral mass, cephalised

Question 23

Mantle Cavity

Answer 23

A space formed by folded dorsal body plan. Contains ctenidia and openings to the gut, gonads

Question 24

Ctenidia

Answer 24

An unique gill, responsible for gas exchange, they have ciliated filaments to keep the water pumping ( also increases surface area)

Question 25

Circulation in most mollusks

Answer 25

Open; chambered heart; hermolymph circulates in hemocoel;

Question 26

Hemolymph

Answer 26

blood with hemocyanin (blue)

Question 27

Hemoglobin

Answer 27

Iron based red blood cells

Question 28

Polyplacophora

Answer 28

Shell made of 8 overlapping plates; girdle covers plate edges; separate sexes

Question 29

PORIFERA

Answer 29

NO ORGANS, MOST LACK TISSUES;AQUATIC; SESSILE

Question 30

PORIFERA SHAPE

Answer 30

ALLOWS SUFFICIENT OXYGEN AND FOOD BY MAXIMISING WATER FLOW.

Question 31

MOLLUSKS BODY PLAN

Answer 31

4 PART BODY PLAN: HEAD, FOOT, MANTLE, VISCERAL MASS

Question 32

RADULA

Answer 32

LONG RIBBON TOOTHED STRUCTURE, GRIND OFF ALGAE

Question 33

CTENIDIA WITHIN THE MANTLE CAVITY

Answer 33

UNIQUE GILL; RESPONSIBLE FOR GAS EXCHANGE; THEY HAVE CILIATED FILAMENTS (IMPORTANT FOR HIGH SURFACE AREA)

Question 34

POLYPLACOPHORA

Answer 34

CHITONS

Question 35

GASTROPA (TORSION)

Answer 35

BODY IS TWISTED RELATIVE TO THE FOOD ( MANTLE CAVITY LIES OVERHEAD) GUT TWISTED INTO A U-SHAPE; ANUS BEHIND THE HEAD CAN BE AN ISSUE

Question 36

POLYPLACOPHORA (THE CHITONS) MANTLE CAVITY FORMS

Answer 36

PALLIAL GROOVE

Question 37

POLYPLACOPHORA WATER FLOW MOVEMENT

Answer 37

UNIDIRECTIONAL WATER FLOW (HEAD--> TAIL)

Question 38

MOLLUSKS CIRCULATION (TWO TYPES OF BLOOD)

Answer 38

HEMOLYMPH (BLOOD WITH HEMOCYANIN); HEMOGLOBIN (BLOOD WITH IRON)

Question 39

TORSION SANITATION

Answer 39

BASAL GASTROPDS HAVE HOLES IN THE SHELL. WATER GOES THROUGH THE CTENIDIA, PASSING THROUGH THE ANUS, TAKING WASTE

Question 40

INTERM GASTROPODS TORSION

Answer 40

SHUNT ANUS, NEPHRIDIOPORES TO THE RIGHT (WHERE WASTE GOES); KEEP BOTH CTENIDIA TO THE LEFT WHERE WATER PASSES THROUGH FIRST

Question 41

SEA SLUGS

Answer 41

MANTLE CAVITY LOST OR REDUCED; SECONDARY GILLS; HAVE RHINOPHORES; HAVE RADULA + JAWS

Question 42

BIVALVIA

Answer 42

BIVALVA SHELL HINGED; SESSILE FILTER; NO HEAD; NO RADULA; LARGER CTENIDIA

Question 43

CEPHALOPODA

Answer 43

WELL DEVELOEPD NERVOUS SYSTEM; CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ; INTERNAL SHELL

Question 44

SIPHUNCLE

Answer 44

PUMP FLUID OUT OF CHAMBERS (INCREASE SALT CONCENTRATION IN THE SIPHON SO WATER DIFFUSES INTO IT)

Question 45

CEPHALOPODA EVOLUTION (ANTERIOR FOOT BECAME....; POSTERIOR FOOT BECAME....

Answer 45

ARMS; SIPHON

Question 46

ECHINODERM (LARVAE TO ADULT)

Answer 46

FROM 2 TO PENTARADIAL (5) THE LEFT BECOMES ORAL SIDE; THE RIGHT SIDE BECOMES THE OPP SIDE WHERE THE GUT MIGRATES,

Question 47

CRUSTACEA EXOSKELETON FUNCTION

Answer 47

PROTECTION, SITE OF MUSCLE ATTACHMENT

Question 48

MOLTING

Answer 48

GROWING NEW CUTICLE

Question 49

ECDYSIS

Answer 49

SHEDDING OLD CUTICLE

Question 50

PROCESS OF MOLTING:

Answer 50

EPIDERMIS DETACHES, NEW SECRETED; OLD CUTICLE SPLITS; EXPAND NEW CUTICLE; TISSUE GROW

Question 51

TAGMATA

Answer 51

SPECIALISED BODY REGIONS (HEAD,THORAX, ABDOMEN) CONTRIBUTE TO DIVISION OF LABOUR.

Question 52

APPENDAGES (MALACOSTRACA) =

Answer 52

5(HEAD);8 (THORACIC); 6(ABDOMINAL)

Question 53

BARNACLES

Answer 53

CIRRI; NO GILLS, THIN CUTICLE

Question 54

WATER MOVEMENT IN CRUSTACEANS

Answer 54

WATER GOES IN THROUGH THE PEREIOPODS; AND LEAVES THROUGH THE GILL BAILER