Test 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Terms: Biodiversity
The number and variety of species and ecosystems on earth
Terms: Species
A group of organisms capable of reproducing with eachother under natural conditions. Offspring are fertile and capable of reproducing.
What is taxonomy
The science of naming, classifying and identifying species.
Traditional taxonomy order
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species diversity
The number of species and the number of each individual within each species
Structural diversity
The range of physical shapes and sizes within a habitat or ecosystem. Greater structural diversity supports greater diversity of species.
Interaction diversity
Species within an ecosystem that are dependent on eachother to succeed
Purpose of taxonomy
Identifying individual species and representing relationships among organisms.
Carl Linaeus
Swedish botanist
Developed a modern system of naming organisms according to there physical characteristics
System referred to as binomial nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature naming system rules
First word: Genus (Capitalized)
Second word: species (all lowercase)
Node
Represents a common ancestor and a branching point
Clade
Group that includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants
Outgroup
The organism that has the least derived traits. The simplest organism is a tree. The least closely related to the tree is the outgroup
Lyctic cycle definition
The virus takes over the cells which results in the victim showing symptoms of the disease.
Lytic cycle parts
- Attachment
- Entry
- Replication
- Assembly
- Release
Lysogenic cycle definition
Virus’s remand dominant for many generations of cell replication but DNA does not take over cell
Ex herpes
Lysogenic cycle parts
- Attachment
- Replication
- Activation
- Lytic Cycle
Prokaryotic cell
Small, simple type of life
Lacks a nucleus and other organelles bound by a membrane
Has pili, flagellum, capsule
Eukaryotic cell
Larger, complex cell
Has membrane bound organelles including the nucleus.
Phylogenetic species concept (modern taxonomy)
Focuses on evolutionary relationships among organisms
- Phylogeny refers to evolutionary history of an organism
- DNA can be compared between species showing evolutionary relationships
Why are viruses not living organisms
They don’t need energy to survive, can’t reproduce on their own, and have no metabolism.
2 parts of viruses
- outer protein coat (capsid)
- DNA or RNA
Lytic cycle attachment
Virus attaches to the host wall at specific recognition sites
Lytic cycle entry
Virus injects DNA into cell, capsid remains outside of the cell
