Test 1 Flashcards by sarah shanny

Give some etiologies for laryngeal trauma

Hit in the neck, weight lifting, foreign bodies

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How many, and what are the signs/symptoms for laryngeal cancer?

5, hoarseness, rough voice, pain, strain, difficulty/pain swallowing

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What, and how many, etiologies of laryngeal cancer are there?

3, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, asbestos or chemical exposure

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How many, and what are the types of laryngeal cancer- which is the more common, which is the rarest?

3, Glottic (larynx-vocal folds) more common, Supraglottic, and subglottic (rare)

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What can cancer be mistaken for? What is a good way to differencially diagnose?

Fungal growth, perscribe an anti-fungal medication

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What causes strain in laryngeal cancer?

Glottic vocal fold stiffness

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What percent of people with chemical exposure or espestos exposure get larygeal cancer?

Less than 10%

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Smokers are ______ times more likely to get cancer if they ___________.

3; drink

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What kind of pain do people with laryngeal cancer experience?

Stabbing pain caused by the lack of range of motion

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3 part question:
1 Describe Leukoplakia
2 What are they indicators of?
3 What is commonly done with Leukoplakia?

They are white patches/growths on epithelium
Cancer - it is precancer
Refer out for biopsy

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What are the etiologies of Leukoplakia? Tell me the percentage of one of them!

Smoking and Chemical exposure (10%)

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What are the signs and symptoms and how many are there for Leukoplakia?

3; Hoarseness, less vocal fold vibration, Vocal Fold Edema

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Polypoid corditis is……..?

Reinke’s Edema

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How do you describe Polypoid Corditis?

Swelling of the entire superficial lamina propria (Reinke’s Layer)

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What is the eitiology for Reinke’s Edema?

smoking

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How many signs and symptoms are there for Polypoid Corditis? What are they?

4, gravelly voice, low pitch, Vocal Fold edema, impaired breathing

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True or False: Polypoid Corditis always decreases vocal fold vibration

False! Sometimes, it increases vibration

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List the eitiologies of laryngitis

3; infection, LPR, allergies

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How many, and what are, the signs and symptoms for laryngitis?

6; hoarsness, sore throat, cough, fever, vf edema, erythema

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Define Laryengitis

Inflammation of the vocal folds

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Hemmorage: what is it, and where (specifically, is it?)

Bleeding into the superficial lamina propria

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Etiologies of vocal fold hemmoraging (how many, and what are they?)

2; medications (asprin/Coumadin) blood thinners & misuse/abuse

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How many, and what are the signs and symptoms for hemmorage?

6; hoarsness, vf edema, vf erythema, decreased vf vibrations, loss of pitch range, varix/varices

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what is a varix

a blood spot/vessel on the vf

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How long does it take for hemmoraging to subside?

about 3 weeks

erythema is also....

reddness

when the vfs have tons of varices, we say we can see....

vascularity

Define the laryngeal web- and WHERE is it generally

Web of tissue across larynx, usually anterior

Give the eitigologies for laryngeal web

2; congenital, post surgical

give the signs and symptoms for Laryngeal web

-usually no problems with voicing or breathing

Is there anything you can do/give for Laryngeal webs?

Mitomycin C is a deterrant

True or false: Laryngopharygo reflux can cause granulloma

True!

List the congential organic voice disorders - How many are there?

5; Laryngomalacia, Subglottal stenosis, Esophageal atresia, Tracheoesophageal fistula, web

What is it called when the cartilages fail to stiffen? What does it cause? will it always be permenant?

Laryngomalacia (malformation); collapse of the epiglottis into the airway & stridor. May outgrow

What can arrested development of the circoid cart. cause?

subglottal stenosis = narrow subglottal space.

Other than arrested development of the cricoid cart, what else causes subglottal stenosis?

intubation trauma

what causes esophegeal atresia?

occlusion of the esophagus

What does openings b/t trachea and esophagus cause

Tracheoesophageal fistula

What can cause tracheoesophageal fistula?

Esophageal pouch, and opennings bt trachea and esophagus

The thinning of the ____________ causes Sulcus vocalis

Superficial Lamina propria

How many, and what are the etiologies of sulcus vocalis?

5; Ultimately its unknown BUT: developmental, genetic, post hemmoragic/cyst

How many, and what are the signs and symptoms for sulcus vocalis?

5; abnormal vf vibration, higher pitch, hoarseness, harsh voice, no voice problems

True or false:You see sulcus vocalis in children

False!

What are the signs (and how many) and symptoms of a contact ulcer

5; hoarseness, globus sensation, mild pain when voicing or swallowing, throat clearing, erythema

How many, and what are, the eitiolgies of contact ulcers?

4; smoking, intubation, misuse/abuse, LPR

What is a contact ulcer

Raw sores on mucous membrane overlying vocal process of arytenoid

A benign growth on the vocal process is called..

Granuloma

How many, and what are the etiologies for granulomas?

2; LPR and Intubation

What can cause LPR?

Diet (sode, tomatoes, chocolates, citus, spicy foods, high fat diets, caffine, alchohol, dehydration) Lifestyle ( smoking, easting too late, too much at once, exercising too soon, overweight)

How many and what are the signs and symptoms for granulomas?

7; pedunculated, breathing problems (size dependant), post nasal drip, dry cough, excessive throat clearing, heartburn/indegestion *reflux type*, globus sensation

True or false: LPR has obvious signs

False

True or false: contact ulcers have only been unilaterally

False

True or False If voice is worse in the morning, this is a sign that it is NOT related to LPR

False, it would be related to LPR

True or False: LPR usually occurs at nite

True

Can you prescribe anything for Contact ulcers?

Yes, a proton pump inhibitor is usually perscribed.

papilloma is described as: -- extra points if you can identify the word in parenthesis

HPV wart-like benign growths of the larynx (papillomatosis)

What are, and how many, eitologies for papillomatosis

3; acquired at birth, unkown, oral sex

If papillomatosis occurs because of aquisition at birth, how long does it take to surface?

10-12 years

What do they do with a case of papilloma?-- where is the tricky place of removal?

They do lazar surgery to remove them; anterior commissure

what are the postules in papilloma?

dots in the middle. The warts grow ontop of each other

after multiple surgeries to remove papilloma, what happens?

voice declines, because of scar tissue that forms

How many, and what are, the signs and symptoms for papilloma?

7; decreased vocal fold vibration, recurrent scarring, breathing problems, globus sensation, cough/throat clear, rough/scratchy voice, hoarseness

True/False: Cysts can be bilateral

False

cyst in the larygeal cavity is called

laryngocele

How many, and what are the signs and symptoms of a laryngocele?

6; throat clearing, VF edema (swelling), vocal fatigue/strain, increased vocal effort, rough voice, hoarseness

Where exactly does a laryngocele form?

in the laminae propria under the epithilium

How many and what are the eitiologies for cysts?

3; entrapment of vf lining (under), plugged mocous-secreting gland, vocal misuse/abuse

What does a laryngocele look like?

marble; opaque mass originating below vf surface

T/F: Laryngoceles are benign

True

Descrbe a Polyp

Soft mass, usually unilateral

What causes a polyp: how many eitiolgies

1; misuse/abuse

How many types of Polyps are there? List them

3; fiberous, hemmoragic, pedunculated

How many, and what are the signs and symptoms of a polyp?

8; throat clearing, vf edema (from the other side), voice variability (esp. if pedunculated), breathing problems (depends on size), vocal fatigue/strain, increased vocal effort, rough voice, hoarsness

What are the types of pedunculations when it comes to polyps?

Hemmoragic (red-blood) Cessil Fiberous (opaque)

How many and what are the signs and symptoms for vocal fold nodules?

11;hourglass closure, hearing loss, strong personality, decreased vf vibration, loss of upper range, vf edema, voice variability, vocal fatigue/strain, increased vocal effort, rough voice, hoarseness

what are the eitiolgies for vocal fold nodules?

misuse/abuse

define vocal fold nodules

benign masses on medial vf surfaces (Anterior 2/3- Posterior 1/3)

Descrbe the life cycle of a vocal fold nodule:

starts off soft (hard to detect) *increased vibration*, bcomes harder(decreased vibration) *calloused*, causes hourglass closure,

How loud do you have to speak to get vocal fold nodules?

a fairly consistant 85 db

How many Organic disorders are there? List them:

14; Cancer, Luekoplakia, Reinke's edema (polypoid corditis), Laryngitis, Hemmorhage, Web, Congenital (Laryngomalacia/subglottal stenosis, esophageal atresia, and Tracheoesophageal fistula), Sulcus Vocalis, Contact ulcer, Granuloma, Papilloma, Cysts, Polys, Nodules

List all the Organic Classifications:

Congenital, Misuse/abuse, Disease, Trauma