Test 1

Question 1

What are the 4 types of tissues

Answer 1

epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve

Question 2

How are tissues formed

Answer 2

when cells interact or join together

Question 3

Name some cell junctions

Answer 3

tight junction
adherens junctions
desmosomes
hemidesmosomes
gap junctions

Question 4

What are cell junctions

Answer 4

type of structure within the tissue that provide contact between neighbouring cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix

Question 5

What are the 3 types of epithelium tissue

Answer 5

simple
pseudostratified
stratified

Question 6

What are the shapes of epithelium tissue

Answer 6

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

Question 7

What is the function of glandular epithelium

Answer 7

secretion

Question 8

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine

Answer 8

endocrine secrete into fluid going to blood e.g. hormones while exocrine secrete to surface of cells e.g. sweat

Question 9

What are the 5 types of connective tissue

Answer 9

Loose connective tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular)
Dense connective tissue (regular, irregular, elastic)
Cartilage (hyaline, elasic, fibrocartilage)
Bone (compact, spongy)
Liquid connective tissue (blood, lymph)

Question 10

What are membranes

Answer 10

tissues that cover a body part

Question 11

What are 2 types of membranes

Answer 11

epithelial

synovial

Question 12

What are 3 types of epithelial membranes

Answer 12

mucous
serous
cutaneous

Question 13

Describe a mucous membrane

Answer 13

lines a body cavity that opens to the exterior ex. respiratory tract

Question 14

Describe a serous membrane

Answer 14

lines cavities that do not open to outside fluid prevents friction

Question 15

What is the difference between parietal and visceral membrane

Answer 15

parietal is the layer attached to cavity wall while visceral is the layer attached to organs in the cavity

Question 16

Synovial membrane

Answer 16

Important in maintaining joint ingretity by lining the joints

Question 17

What are 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 17

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 18

What does the integumentary system consist of

Answer 18

skin
hair
nails
glands
muscles
nerves

Question 19

Is the subcutaneous layer part of the skin

Answer 19

No

Question 20

What are melanocytes

Answer 20

cell of the epidermis responsible for pigmentation

Question 21

Keratincytes

Answer 21

cell of epidermis gives skin its physiological integritity and makes it water repellant

Question 22

Langerhans cells

Answer 22

part of immune response

protection

Question 23

Merkel cells

Answer 23

receptor and nerve

Question 24

Stratum basale

Answer 24

deepest layer of epidermis
formation of new cells
anchoring part of dermis
single row of cuboidal

Question 25

Stratum spinosum

Answer 25

8-10 layers | stabilizing base provides strength

Question 26

Stratum granulosum

Answer 26

3-5 layers flattened stains the darkest repels water

Question 27

Stratum lucidum

Answer 27

only in fingertips palms and soles of feet | 3-5 layers of flat, clear, dead cells

Question 28

Stratum corneum

Answer 28

25-30 layers flat dead cells (thickest) continuous shed and replaced top region

Question 29

What makes up the dermis

Answer 29

composed primarily of connective tissue blood vessels nerves hair follicles

Question 30

What are the 2 regions of the dermis

Answer 30

papillary | reticular

Question 31

Papillary region

Answer 31

areolar connective tissue w/elastic fibers dermal papillae elasticity

Question 32

Reticular region

Answer 32

attaches to subcutaneous layer dense irregular connective tissue hair follicles and sebaceous gland base

Question 33

What are the functions of the skin

Answer 33

``` thermoregulation protection vitamin D synthesis blood storage sensation excretion absorption ```

Question 34

what is the functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 34

physical isolation regulates exchange with environment monitors the environment structural support

Question 35

cytoskeleton

Answer 35

structural proteins for shape and strength

Question 36

microvilli

Answer 36

increase surface area for absorption | attach to cytoskeleton

Question 37

centrioles

Answer 37

form spindle apparatus during cell division

Question 38

cilia

Answer 38

small hair like extensions | move fluid across cell surface

Question 39

ribosomes

Answer 39

build polypetides in protein synthesis

Question 40

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 40

storage chambers within membranes synthesis of proteins, carbs, lipids transport of materials within er detoxification of drugs or toxins

Question 41

smooth er

Answer 41

more involved in steroid hormone production

Question 42

Golgi apparatus

Answer 42

modify and package products for exocytosis | think ups

Question 43

why are vesicles important

Answer 43

getting things out of cell | can fuse to cell membrane

Question 44

lysosomes

Answer 44

powerful enzyme-containing vesicles clean up inside of cell autolysis

Question 45

mitochondria

Answer 45

take chemical energy from food (glucose) produce energy molecule ATP

Question 46

nucleus

Answer 46

largest organelle | cells control center

Question 47

DNA

Answer 47

instructions for every protein in the body

Question 48

gene

Answer 48

DNA instructions for one protein

Question 49

genetic code

Answer 49

the chemical language of DNA instructions | sequences of bases A, T, C, G

Question 50

What are the steps of protein synthesis

Answer 50

transcription- copies instructions from DNA to mRNA in nucleus Translation- ribosomes reads code from mRNA in cytoplasm and assembles amino acids into polypeptide chain Processing- by RER and Golgi apparatus produces protein

Question 51

Transcription

Answer 51

gene activation-DNA is uncoiled, start promoter mark location, enzyme RNA polymerase binds to nucleotides to form mRNA by reading and replicating DNA (t's replace by u's) unnecessary codes (introns) removed

Question 52

Translation

Answer 52

mRNA move form nucleus thru pore to ribosome in cytoplasma and bind to ribosomal subunits where tRNA delivers amino acids to MRNA, tRNA binds to mRNA an enzyme join amino acid with peptide bonds then at stop codon components separate