Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Meaning of “Bios”
A
Life
2
Q
Meaning of “Logos”
A
Study of
3
Q
Meaning of “Biology”
A
Study of Life
4
Q
Your Surroundings =
A
Your Environment
5
Q
The study of how organism interact with their environment
A
Ecology
6
Q
The microscopic study of cells
A
Cytology
7
Q
The microscopic study of tissues
A
Histology
8
Q
The levels of biological organization (in order)
A
Molecular Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ Level, System Level, Organism Level.
9
Q
A ______ is a localized group of organisms belonging to the same species.
A
Population
10
Q
Non-living features of the environment is called?
A
Abiotic
11
Q
Reducing complex systems to simpler components that are easier to study
A
Reductionism
12
Q
______ regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its surroundings.
A
Cell Membranes (plasma membrane = plasma cell = cell membrane)
13
Q
Some cells, including plant cells, have a tough ______ external to their cell membranes.
A
Cell Wall
14
Q
A type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles found in protists, plants, fungi, and animals.
A
Eukaryotic Cell
15
Q
The kingdom containing all eukaryotic organisms that do not fit the definition of plan, animal or fungi.
A
Protist
16
Q
Type of cell lacking membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles and is only found in kingdom Monera.
A
Prokaryotic Cells
17
Q
The kingdom of bacteria
A
Monera
18
Q
The normal, unaltered plants that Darwin used in his experiments were known as the _____
A
controls
19
Q
The seedlings that were modified were called the ______
A
experimentals
20
Q
Makes up 96% of the body’s weight.
A
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen
21
Q
Makes up 100% of the body’s weight
A
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium and Phosphorus
22
Q
The number of protons in an atom is called the atom’s ______
A
atomic number
23
Q
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is its ______
A
atomic weight
24
Q
Examples of Cations
A
Pottasium Ion, Calcium Ion, Iron Ion and Sodium Ion
25
Example of anions
Iodide Ion, Chloride Ion and Sulfur Ion
26
Represents the transfer of electrons
Ionic Bonds
27
______ are far more common in organisms than ionic bonds and are also more stable
Covalent Bonds
28
The isotopes of oxygen are designated as
16o, 17o and 18o
29
When 2 or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules, the process is called
Synthesis Reaction
30
Reverse of a synthesis reaction is
Decomposition Reaction
31
Indicated by 2 arrows with their arrowheads pointing in opposite directions.
Reversible Reactions
32
Is a sugar that is the body's primary source of energy
Glucose
33
Is a stored form of Glucose found in the liver and in skeletal muscles.
Glycogen
34
Inactive or stored energy
Potential Energy
35
Energy in motion
Kinetic Energy
36
Is one of the most abundant and most important inorganic substances in the body
Water
37
Is said to be nonpolar when electrons are shared equally
Covalent Bond
38
If one atom is more electronegative than another atom, electrons of the bond will not be shared equally. In such cases, the bond is called ______
Polar Covalent Bond
39
______ are relatively weak bonds
Hydrogen bonds
40
Occur only when atoms and molecules are very close together
Van der Waals Interactions
41
Water is an excellent ______
Solvent (dissolves things)
42
An ____ is defined as substance that will dissociate into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more negative ions
Acid
43
A ______, by definition dissociates into one or more hydroxide ions and one or more positive ions (Cations)
Base
44
Consists of bone and teeth, require for blood clotting
Calcium
45
Required for normal bone and tooth structure
Phosphorus
46
Vital to functioning of thyroid gland and iron - essential component of hemoglobin
Iodine
47
Ph of blood
7.35 - 7.45 (Slightly Alkaline)
48
A substance that has no effect on ph
NaCl (Sodium Chloride)
49
The amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 celcius
Calorie
50
Kilocalorie (kcal) =
1000 calories
51
______ is having deleterious (harmful) effects on both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
Acid Rain
52
Is used to separate organic compounds from mixtures on the basis of their solubility in one or more solvents passed through a solid support medium, such as paper or columns of powdered materials
Chromatography
53
______ differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms
Structural Isomers
54
_____ are organic compounds characterized by the presence of both hydroxyl and carbonyl groups
Sugars
55
A single molecule having both cationic and anionic groups
Zwitterion
56
______ are linked together by a process known as CONDENSATION or DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS.
Monomers
57
A ______ is removed for each monomer added to the chain in this process
Water Molecule
58
Are disassembled into monomers by hydrolysis a process that is the reverse of dehydration synthesis.
Polymers
59
_______ are made up of sugar subunits called monosaccharides.
Carbohydrates
60
_______ made up of subunits called glycerol and fatty acids
Lipis
61
______ are made up of subunits called amino acids
Proteins
62
_______ are made up of subunits called nucleotides.
Nucleic Acid
63
The most common monosaccharide and a very important sugar in organisms
Glucose(Aldehyde)
64
are either aidehydes or ketones, depending on the location of the carbonyl group.
Sugar (all sugars are alcohol)
65
_______ is a structural isomer of glucose and is a ketone
Fructose
66
The bond between 2 sugar monomers by dehydration synthesis
Glycosidic linkage
67
______ a storage polysaccharide of plants
Starch
68
Animals store a polysaccharide called _____
Glycogen
69
The most abundant organic compound on the earth's surface
Cellulose
70
Another important structural polysaccharide is _____
Chitin
71
______ composed of glycerol and fatty acids
Fats
72
Most fats present in the animals are
Saturated
73
______, referred to as oils, are usually liquid in room temperature
Plant Fats
74
The hardening of the arteries
Atherosclerosis
75
show ambivalent behavior toward water.
Phospholipid
76
The tails of the molecule consisting of hydrocarbons are
Hydrophobic
77
The Phosphate group and its attachments are
Hydrophillic
78
Steroids are _____
Lipids
79
An important steroid is a ______ a common component membranes of animal cells
Cholesterol
80
A structural protein that provide animal tissues, such as tendons and ligaments
Collagen and Elastin
81
A storage protein. ______ is the protein of egg white used an amino for the developing of embryo
Ovalbumin
82
The protein of milk and is the source of amino acids for baby mammals.
Casein
83
A transport Protein, ______ the iron-containing protein of blood, transport from the lungs to other parts of the body.
Hemoglobin
84
A hormonal protein, _____ a hormone secreted by the pancreas, helps regular centration of sugar in the blood.
Insulin
85
Contractile proteins, ______ are responsible for the movement of "mucous?"
Actin and Myosin
86
A protein consists of one or more polypeptide chains twisted, wound, and folded upon themselves to form a macro molecule with a definite three dimensional shape or conformation
Protein Conformation
87
Most proteins have segments of their polypeptide chain repeatedly coiled or folded in patterns that contribute to the protein's overall conformation.
Secondary Structure
88
2 types of secondary structure
Alpha Helix and beta pleated sheet
89
Superimposed on the recurrent patterns of secondary structure is a protein's ______
Tertiary Structure
90
The Conformation of a protein may be reinforced further by strong covalent bonds called ______.
Disulfide Bridges
91
Some proteins consist of 2 or more polypeptide chains aggregated into one functional macromolecule
Quaternary Structure
92
2 Types of nucleic acids
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
93
This is the process by which genetic material encoded in DNA is copied by a strand of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) By using a specific portion of the cell's DNA as a template, the genetic information stored in the nitrogen bases of DNA is rewritten so that the same information appears in the nitrogen bases of mRNA.
Transcription
94
This is the process whereby information in the nitrogen base sequence of mRNA is used to specifu the amino acid sequence of a protein.
Translation
95
The other end of the tRNA has a specific sequence of 3 nitrogen bases known as
Anticodon
96
The sugar glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water
Cellular Respiration
97
Define Energy
Capacity to do work
98
Entropy is symbolized by the letter
S
99
The change in free energy is symbolized by
∆G
100
Heat Reaction is symbolized by
∆
101
A reaction that releases heat, one with a negative value for delta H, is said to be _____
Exothermic
102
A reaction that lowers the temperature of the surroundings by absorbing heat is called
Endothermic
103
An _____ reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
Exorgonic
104
A _____ is one that absorbs free energy from its surroundings
Endergonic
105
_______ provides the nergy to make ATP, an endergonic process.
Catabolic
