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Geography 102 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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0
Q

Scale

A

bounding areal units, varying size

map scale

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1
Q

Geography

A

the study of the earths surface: through place, space, scale and location

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2
Q

Approaches to Geography

A

Physical Geography
Humans Geography
Systematic Geography
Regional Geography

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3
Q

Physical Geography

A

Natural Environment processes across the Earth’s surface

Results in distribution of climate varieties, plant ecologies, soil types, mountain formation, and fresh water distribution

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4
Q

Human Geography

A

study of the distribution of people and their activities

activities= economics, cultures, politics and urban changes

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5
Q

Systematic Geography

A 
Spatial aspects of a specific theme:
    Economic Geography 
    Historical Geography 
    Urban Geography 
    Geomorphology
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6
Q

Regional Geography

A

Regional Geography: Evaluates and similarities within and between defined areas or regions of Earth’s Surface

Region: area of Earth’s surface with physical and human characteristics that distinguish it from other places

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7
Q

Critical Perspective

A

certain ways we view things

need to look at the big picture

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8
Q

Where is the World’s Population

A

China and India hold half of the worlds population

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9
Q

Boundaries and are they static?

A

boundaries are imaginary lines separating regions, nations and states
no they are not static, they shift over time

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10
Q

Globalization

A

the increasing level of interconnectedness among people and places throughout the world

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11
Q

Technological Advancements that sped up technology?

A

cell phones, satellites, internet, television etc.

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12
Q

What aspects of life does globalization include?

A

cultures, languages, religion, art

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13
Q

Localization

A

increasing or strengthening of local traditions in resistance to the global diffusion of human practices

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14
Q

What is GDP?

A

Gross Domestic Product: the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year

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15
Q

What is GNI?

A

is the same thing as GDP but it also accounts for the role of foreign transactions

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16
Q

Population Density and Distribution

A

Population Density: number of people per given area

Population Distribution: where people are living in certain areas

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17
Q

Demographic Transition Model

A

Pre-Industrial - higher birth weights
transitional
industrial
post industrial - low birth weights

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18
Q

How many people are on Earth?

A

7.2 billion

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19
Q

where are these people located?

Study These Flashcards
A

most people are located in urban areas

35% of people live in china and india

20
Q

where on the Demographic Transition Model are USA and Canada located?

Study These Flashcards
A

between stage 3 and 4

21
Q

How many people live in the US, Canada and North America

Study These Flashcards
A

US: 304.5 million
Canada: 33.3 million
North America: 337.8 million

22
Q

what goes into the process of mountain building?

Study These Flashcards
A

plate tech tonics (convergent)

23
Q

Where do 80% of the people in Canada and United States live?

24
United States historical Expansion
``` indigenous groups 20,000 years in North America pushed to marginal land reservation: federally sequestered land susceptible to disease ```
25
Migration and Fertility Rate
Fertility Rate: the average number of babies a women is expected to have in her lifetime Canada does the same method even though there fertility rate is lower
26
Immigration in the US
hispanics are the fastest growing minority europeans have the lowest birth rate majority of immigrants are legal 12 million are illegal
27
Economics
Free Market Economy Capitalist now push for continued strong international trade presence
28
Climate Types
``` Tropical (Hawaii) Subtropical (Florida) Desert (Southwest) Mid Latitude/ Temperate Polar ```
29
US Physical Features
Two major mountain chains Rockies (western North America) Appalachian (Eastern North America)
30
Great Lakes
Great Lakes: the Great Lakes formed as a result of glacial deposits Great Lakes are Lake Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie and Ontario Mississippi Basin Vast Areas of Permafrost Permafrost: permanently frozen soil
31
Glacier in US
Great Lakes during Ice Age in US over the last 2 million years Glaciers covered the northern part of North America
32
US Historical Context
United States a former colony of England Colonialism: system in which one country extends its political control to another territory US independence in 1766
33
Historical Movements
Westward movement traditionally | African Americans moved Northward to work in the industrial belt
34
Historical Context in Canada
Indigenous Populations = First Nations British along Lake Ontario French around the St. Lawrence River area Canada gained independence in 1867 but didn't gain full control over their constitution until 1982
35
US Economic Structure
Worlds largest aggregate economy Though GNI per capita falls short of other nations Expanded past WW2 Linked technological advancements heavy manufacturing from the 1950s and 70s
36
US Economic Change
40% employed in manufacturing in 1950 15% employed in manufacturing in 2012 retail, service, education, medical and information technology = 70% of US economy
37
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement Trade Agreement with the USA, Canada and Mexico Increase amount of trade Increase US trade deficit
38
Trade Deficit
extent to which money earned by exports is exceeded by the money spent on imports US imports more then exports
39
NAFTA Pros
``` Creates Jobs Expands business diversifies companies enhance foreign revenue improve global competition ```
40
NAFTA Cons
Job losses to mexico harsh labor conditions for mexican workers Environmental Degradation Gives more power to big businesses perceived disparities can lead to political instability
41
Orographic Precipitation
1) Air rises 6) hot air goes down other side of mountain 2) Air cools as it rises 7) Warm dry air down mountain side 3) Air condenses 4) Air reaches 100% humidity 5) It rains and get rid of most of the moisture
42
Altitudinal Zonation
vertical zones of climate and vegetation needs Distribution of vegetation based on altitude some plants are more adept at lower elevations
43
El Niño
Abnormal warming of the waters off of South America | Not caused by global climate change
44
Where did the Pre Civilized people live?
Mayans -> central mexico Incas -> Andes Mountains Aztecs -> highlands of mexico
45
Who colonized the US and who colonized South America
British colonized US | Spanish and Portuguese colonized South America
46
GINI Coefficient
measure of inequality, closer to 1 means more inequality, closer to 0 means less
47
First Spanish Colony in South America was what?
Hispaniola

Geography 102 (1 decks)

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