Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geology 101 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Nebula

A

low density gas (H and He) and dust cloud that the sun originates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

How old is Earth?

A

4.5 billion years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How old is the sun?

A

5 billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Accretion

A

grow by addition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The solar system is how old?

A

4.5 billion years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are meteorites made out of and how does this compare to the earth?

A

Made up of iron (nickel) and rock

so is the earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can you distinguish what a meteorite is?

A

Magnetic
fused
not shiny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Lord Kelvin use to find out what the age of the Earth was and was he correct?

A

He used heat loss

He was wrong and thought it was 100 million years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asteroids compared to Meteorites

A

asteroids haven’t changed since the solar system formed

meteorites are fragments of asteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Divergent Boundaries….

A

seperate their plates
East African Rift Valley
Red Sea
Atlantic Ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Convergent Boundaries

A

collide their boundaries
lithosphere is recycled
Pacific Ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transform Boundaries

A

slide their boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isotasy

A

“more above means more more below”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the layers of the Earth from top to middle.

A 
Crust (Oceanic or Continental)
Upper Mantle
Lower Mantle 
Outer Core 
Inner Core
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristics of Crust

A

low Mg and Fe
Oceanic Crust has a medium rock density making it mafic
Continental Crust has a low rock density (granite) making it intermediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics of mantle

A

High Mg, Fe
Si and O are building block for rock
high density rock
Ultra mafic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outer Core Characteristics

A

all lava
Fe, Ni
high in temperature, pressure and density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Characteristics of Inner Core

A

solid core
Fe, Ni
Highest point of pressure, temperature and density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics of the Lithosphere

A

composed of the crust and mantle

rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Astenosphere

A

soft

composed of the OC and IC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Plate Boundaries relation to volcanos and earthquakes

A

whenever an earthquake happens, it indicates perfectly to where plate boundaries are
volcanos do the same but not as well as earthquakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypothesis

A

tentative explanation of our data

can be supported and contradicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alfred Wegner~ 1930

A

found fossils of the same animal on 2 different continents

found glacier deposit in South Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Significance of Sonar in Submarines during WW2

A

sonar was used by submarines
sonar uses vibrations
they found that the ocean floor was not flat
the mid atlantic ridge was constantly in motion
also, other ships found a polar -> non polar sea floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Sea Floor Spreading
the evidence for plate motion
25
Spreading Center
new ocean lithospheres are created (subduction)
26
Difference Between Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean Boundaries are convergent and collide | Atlantic Ocean Boundaries are divergent and seperate
27
Subduction
older, cooler plates subduct because it is more dense long subduction zones move faster
28
Rocks
aggregates of minerals
29
Characteristics of Minerals
naturally occurring minerals differentiate in size inorganic minerals crystalize from magma solid specific chemical composition crystalline: atoms arranged in orderly 3D pattern
30
Diamonds
covalent bonding | very hard material
31
why does halite taste salty?
weak bonds
32
Graphite
soft material | intermolecular force: weak bonds
33
Polymorphs
many shapes, different minerals composed of the same stuff
34
Copper
Metallic Bonding
35
What Earth materials do humans use the most?
sand and gravel
36
Different types of Mineral Extraction
``` Surface Dragline Method Open Pit Mines Looking for material called and Ore!! Underground Mines ```
37
Ore
a concentrated deposit of minerals that can be recovered profitability
38
Grade
percent of mineral deposit in ore
39
Overburden
amount of dirt above the ore they must dig
40
Mineral Ratio
Overburden/Ore Volume
41
Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
Open Pit Copper Mine: opened in 1955 Closed in 1982, 1.5 billion tons of material removed water is blood red because of high concentrations of Fe and Cu Ores were sulfide materials S interacts with water and makes H2SO4
42
Factors on Mining or not.
Cost of recovery transportation processing
43
Silicates (Rock Forming Rocks)
consists of oxygen and silicon make up most of crust and mantle 95% of rocks consist of silicates
44
Two Aspects of Rocks
Mineral Compositions and Texture
45
Rock Textures
Crystalline Foliated Clastic
46
Crystalline Texture
common for Igneous Rocks- solidify from hot, liquid rock
47
Foliated texture
Metamorphic Rocks: pre existing rocks altered by heat and pressure
48
Clastic Texture
Sedimentary Rocks: rocks composed of fragments of other rocks
49
Igneous Rocks
Large Coarse Crystals Big Crystals: slowly cool time to crystalize and cool at depth Small Crystals: cool quickly and cool at surface
50
How are Igneous Rocks classified
Crystal Size and Color
51
How does magma form at mid ocean ridges?
low pressure
52
What do magma's form when they solidify at mid ocean ridges?
basalt and Gabbro
53
Felsic rocks?
K-Feldsper and Silica
54
Mafic Rocks
Magnesium and Ferric
55
Intermediate Rocks
mix of felsic and mafic
56
Ultramafic Rocks
low in silica, rich in Fe: olivine
57
End Products
Ocean and Continental Lithospheres
58
Felsic Minerals melt at what temperature)
low
59
Compare Crystallization times between Felsic and Mafic
Mafic crystalize first | Felsic crystalize last
60
Decompression Melting
magma generated by a drop of pressure
61
Hydration Melting
water lowers the melting point of minerals

Geology 101 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions