Test 1

Question 0

dealt with the exclusion of children with intellectual disabilities (“mental retardation” then) – who did not attained the mental age of 5 at the time of enrollment – from public schools.

Answer 0

PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972)

Question 1

because the court held that schools may not segregate by race, schools may also not segregate or discriminate by ability and disability.

Answer 1

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Question 2

What were the results of PARC?

Answer 2

• Full access to free public education
• Appropriate education (that meets his learning needs)
• Procedural due process for parents

Question 3

involved the practice of suspending, expelling and excluding children with disabilities from these public schools. The school district’s primary defense was the high cost of educating children with disabilities and lack of funding/resources.

Answer 3

Mills v. Washington DC Board of Education (1972)

Question 4

What were the results of Mills v. Washington DC Board of Education (1972)?

Answer 4

• Equal right to public education

* Due process rights for parents

Question 5

intended to open up the schools to all students with disabilities and make sure that those students had the chance to benefit from education
6 principles: a. Zero reject, b. Nondiscriminatory evaluation, c. Appropriate education, d. LRE, e. Due process, f. Parent and student participation

Answer 5

Individuals With Disabilities Education Act- IDEA (1975)

Question 6

equal to ESEA- elementary and secondary education act. This is the proper name for the federal law
Authorizes services for all children, including those with disabilities.
Seeks to improve educational outcomes for all students- those with and without disabilities
6 principles that seek improved outcomes for students with disabilities

Answer 6

No child left behind 2001

Question 7

What does FAPE stand for?

Answer 7

Free Appropriate Public Education

Question 8

prohibits schools from excluding any student with a disability from FAPE

Answer 8

Zero-Reject

Question 9

school may discipline a student with a disability in the same was as someone without a disability for the same offense

Answer 9

Equal treatment

Question 10

no matter what the student does to violates school code, the school may not expel or suspend the student for more than 10 school days in a school year.

Answer 10

No cessation

Question 11

school may take into account any unique circumstances related to the student and the students behavior in violating a school code when the school is deciding whether to change the students placement in order to discipline the student.

Answer 11

Unique circumstances

Question 12

the school may suspend the student for not more than 10 school days in a school year. It has no duty to offer any services to the suspended student during those 10 days.

Answer 12

Short term removals

Question 13

was this behavior due to the students disability or not?

Answer 13

Manifestation determinations

Question 14

if the behavior was not due to the disability, it may discipline the student in the same way that it would anyone else, but it may not terminate the students education. It may however, place the student in an interim alternative educational setting.

Answer 14

Response to no manifestation

Question 15

when the behavior is due to the disability, the school must take immediate steps to fix this in the students IEP.

Answer 15

Response to manifestation

Question 16

• when a student is placed in one of these settings, the school must still offer an education that assures that the student will make progress according to the IEP

Answer 16

services in interim alternative educational settings

Question 17

• the school may place the student in an interim alternative education setting, without first making any manifestation determination for up to 45 days

Answer 17

Weapons, drugs, and injury

Question 18

What are the 2 purposes of nondiscriminatory evaluation?

Answer 18

(1) to determine whether a student has a disability

(2) to identify special education and the related services the student will receive

Question 19

ensures that each students education will be appropriate and beneficial
The key to this is individualization using the IEP and IFSP

Answer 19

Appropriate education

Question 20

education alongside students who so not have disabilities.

-The inclusion principle

Answer 20

Least restrictive environment

Question 21

What 2 things does LRE require?

Answer 21

(1) a school must educate a student with a disability with students who do not have disabilities (2) a school may not remove the student from the regular education environment unless the student cannot be educated there successfully due to the severity of their disability.

Question 22

seeks to make schools and parents accountable to each other for carrying out the students IDEA rights

Answer 22

Procedural due process

Question 23

When parents and educators disagree procedural due process provides them with three ways to resolve these issues.

Answer 23

(1) meet in a resolution session, (2) mediation, (3) mini-trial

Question 24

-intended to promote people's awareness of, and access to, assistive technology (AT) devices and services. The Act seeks to provide AT to persons with disabilities, so they can more fully participate in education, employment, and daily activities on a level playing field with other members of their communities. The Act covers people with disabilities of all ages, all disabilities, in all environments.

Answer 24

Assistive technology act

Question 25

What is the who, what, and where of the Assistive tech act?

Answer 25

Who? All ages, all disabilities What? Access to assistive technology Where? All environments

Question 26

Authorizes the formula grant programs of vocational rehabilitation, supported employment, independent living, and client assistance. It also authorizes a variety of training and service discretionary grants administered by the Rehabilitation Services Administration. If a person has a severe disability, but with rehab is able to work despite this disability, the person is entitled to two types of vocational rehab services.

Answer 26

Rehabilitation act

Question 27

What is the who and what of the rehabilitation act?

Answer 27

Who? All ages, all disabilities | What? Vocational rehabilitation and services

Question 28

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability. This law applies to, public elementary and secondary schools. This definition of disability is broader than the IDEA's definition.

Answer 28

Section 504

Question 29

What is the who, where and what of section 504?

Answer 29

Who? All ages, all disabilities Where? Public sectors/programs with public funds (including schools) What? Special education and related services (504 Plan)

Question 30

- prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, transportation, public accommodation, communications, and governmental activities. establishes requirements for telecommunications relay services.

Answer 30

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Question 31

What is the who, where and what of the ADA?

Answer 31

- Who? All ages, all disabilities - Where? Private sectors What? Equal access to employment, transportation, public accommodation, communications, governmental activities.

Question 32

What is the age, service planning, and services for part c?

Answer 32

Age: 0-3 Service Planning- IFSP Services- Early intervention services in natural environments (home)

Question 33

What is the age, service planning, and services for part b?

Answer 33

Age: 3-21 Service Planning- IEP Services- Specially designed instruction and related services

Question 34

- dictated responses, extended time, large print, read-aloud, and computer based assessment

Answer 34

test accommodations

Question 35

- level achievement standards- enable students to demonstrate skills and knowledge on grenade level assessments, but the assessments are modified versions of the general assessment - alternate assessments based on...

Answer 35

grade

Question 36

- assessment for use with students with the most significant cognitive disabilities that involve multiple accommodations - alternate assessments based on...

Answer 36

alternate academic achievement standards

Question 37

- for students across disability categories who need both accommodations and some modifications to the grade level standards - alternate assessments based on...

Answer 37

modified achievement standards

Question 38

Curriculum designed approach to increase flexibility in teaching and decrease the barriers that frequently limit student access to materials and learning in classrooms. Refers to the design of instructional materials and activities to make the content information accessible to all students.

Answer 38

Universal design for learning

Question 39

What the the three components of UDL?

Answer 39

* Multiple means of representation * Multiple means of action and expression * Multiple means of engagement

Question 40

the materials that teachers use to represent the content they are asking their students to learn

Answer 40

Multiple means of representation

Question 41

how the materials provide alternative ways for students to demonstrate knowledge

Answer 41

Multiple means of action and expression

Question 42

how the materials take advantage of student interests and motivations to engage them in learning

Answer 42

Multiple means of engagement

Question 43

involves direct assessment of a students skills in the content of the curriculum that is being taught

Answer 43

Curriculum based measurement

Question 44

A multi-tiered approach to providing services and interventions to struggling learners at increasing levels of intensity

Answer 44

Response to Intervention

Question 45

What is tier 1 of RTI?

Answer 45

primary or class-wide intervention

Question 46

What is tier 2 of RTI?

Answer 46

secondary or targeted intervention

Question 47

What is tier 3 of RTI?

Answer 47

Tertiary or intensive individualized intervention

Question 48

Looks at the relationship between a student’s ability (what a student is expected to achieve based on IQ) and a related area of achievement (what a student actually achieves)

Answer 48

Discrepancy model

Question 49

What are the pros of discrepancy model?

Answer 49

standardized tests Less time consuming Quantitative

Question 50

At are the cons of discrepancy model?

Answer 50

is it accurate? Early labeling Poor instruction

Question 51

What are the pros of RTI?

Answer 51

- intervention and lesson instruction - Progress monitoring by subject - More inclusive learning environment - Less special education referrals

Question 52

What are the cons of RTI?

Answer 52

training/funding Time consuming Tracking systems Abilities/ qualities of teachers

Question 53

Definition: The inability to process the information heard in the same way as others because their ears and brain don't fully coordinate. Something adversely affects the way the brain recognizes and interprets sounds, most notably the sounds composing speech.

Answer 53

Auditory processing disorder

Question 54

What are the causes of auditory processing disorder?

Answer 54

Possibly head trauma, lead poisoning, and chronic ear infections. causes are largely unknown.

Question 55

What are signs and symptoms of APD?

Answer 55

Easily distracted, behavior & performance improves in more quiet settings, difficulty following directions, disorganized or forgetful, difficulty telling difference between similar speech sounds and understanding information given verbally.

Question 56

What is the treatment for APD? 4 of them

Answer 56

1. changing the learning or communication environment 2. recruiting higher-order skills 3. remediation of the auditory disability itself. 4. assistive technology

Question 57

Definition: a learning disability characterized by difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words and effects up to one in five people.

Answer 57

Dyslexia

Question 58

What are the causes of dyslexia?

Answer 58

Linked to brain development, inherited condition, and is not the result of poor teaching.

Question 59

What is treatment for dyslexia?

Answer 59

Teacher aides or tutors, educational programs, Use of high and low tech AT items (highlighters, enlarging text, spell check, writing & speech programs). Being placed in a special education classroom, positive reinforcement for their efforts, use the child’s strengths. Dyslexia is a lifelong condition with no exact “cure” but there are certainly ways to help and improve a student’s abilities.

Question 60

Definition: a wide range of lifelong learning disabilities involving math. Visual-spatial difficulties and language processing difficulties are two weaknesses that contribute to this learning disability.

Answer 60

Math disorder

Question 61

What are causes of math disorder?

Answer 61

Causes: No specific causes but involves looking at the person’s age, intelligence and experience with math.

Question 62

What are signs and symptoms of math disorder?

Answer 62

young child-difficulty learning to count and a poor memory for numbers. School-aged children might have trouble learning addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Teenagers and adults may have trouble with estimating costs, more complex math concepts or trouble with mental math.

Question 63

What is treatment for math disorder?

Answer 63

Identifying weaknesses and strengths of the individual and understanding how he/she learns best. tutors or aides Repeated reinforcement

Question 64

Part b and part c of IDEA covers individuals from ages...

Answer 64

0 to 21

Question 65

Anything related to job and employment is the......act.

Answer 65

Rehabilitation

Question 66

IDEA suggests using ........ model to determine the presence of students learning disabilities.

Answer 66

response to intervention

Question 67

In the ..... model, identification of learning disabilities is based on the assessment of students IQ test.

Answer 67

discrepancy

Question 68

A formal written plan for students from ages 3-21 is an.....

Answer 68

IEP

Question 69

.... case laws (1972) ordered schools to provide equal education to students with disabilities.

Answer 69

PARC and mills

Question 70

Enables students to recognize and interprets sounds.

Answer 70

Auditory processing

Question 71

Includes differentiating curricular content, instructional process, and product requirements.

Answer 71

Differentiated instruction

Question 72

Promotes multiple means of representation, multiple means of action and expression, and multiple means of engagement.

Answer 72

Universal design for learning

Question 73

An ..... must include the statement of a students present levels of performance and academic achievement.

Answer 73

IEP

Question 74

Students who have ..... may have difficulty decoding words and comprehending text.

Answer 74

dyslexia

Question 75

The IDEA principle that seeks to make schools and parents accountable to each other for carrying out the students IDEA rights is....

Answer 75

Due process

Question 76

The IDEA principle that states a student with a disability must be educated with students without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate for the student is .....

Answer 76

least restrictive environment

Question 77

The IDEA principle that prohibits schools from excluding any student with a disability from FAPE is.....

Answer 77

Zero reject

Question 78

should use a variety of assessment tools, more than one assessment, and in the native language of the student

Answer 78

Nondiscriminatory evaluation-

Question 79

Strong accountability, increased flexibility, and local control if schools, researched based teaching methods, options for parents, and highly qualified teachers are components of....

Answer 79

ESEA, or no child left behind.

Question 80

Grants federal funds to the states so that they can help create statewide systems for delivering Assistive technology devices and services to people with disabilities.

Answer 80

Assistive technology act

Question 81

Resulted in prohibiting segregation by race in education.

Answer 81

Brown v board

Question 82

Under IDEA, a student who cannot learn the same content as same age peers who do not have disabilities, and who cannot take the state assessment even with accommodations, an .... may be used to provide evidence of progress. Three choices: 1. Same test without accommodations, 2. Same test with accommodations 3. Alternate test

Answer 82

alternative test

Question 83

True or false: Students with learning disabilities may be exempt from state and local standardized tests.

Answer 83

False

Question 84

True or false: Test accommodations for students with disabilities may change teachers way of presenting questions.

Answer 84

True

Question 85

T or F: After the development of the IEP, implementation of special educational services within 20 days is required.

Answer 85

False, it is to be immediately implemented

Question 86

T or F: A disability label is necessary under IDEA because it qualifies students for special education services.

Answer 86

True

Question 87

T or F: Research shows that it is fair to hold students with disabilities accountable for progress in the general educational curriculum because this approach results in higher expectations.

Answer 87

True

Question 88

T or F: Some common test accommodations students with disabilities may receive are dictated responses, extended time, large print, read aloud, and computer based assessment.

Answer 88

True

Question 89

Measures accuracy and fluency of the student based on the curriculum

Answer 89

Curriculum based measurement

Question 90

What are the Three elements of differentiated instruction?

Answer 90

Content, progress, products