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Music History 1 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Pythagoras

A

Ancient Greek Philosopher and mathematician

identified mathematical relationships in music

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2
Q

Tetrachord

A

Fundamental scalar unit of Greek music theory instead of 8ve

four consecutive pitches spanning a fourth

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3
Q

genera

A

ancient Greek term used to describe types of tetrachords (Diatonic BCDE, chromatic BCDflatE, enharmonic BhalfCCE)

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4
Q

Greek Instruments

A

stringed instruments-Apollo-Lyre-Kithara

Aulos-double-barreled reed pipe-Dionysus

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5
Q

Boethius

A

Ancient Roman Scholar(480-524)-wrote treatise on each of several liberal arts
De institutione musica-music in three divisions
musica mundana-most important; music of spheres
musica humana-human music
musica instrumentalis-lowest form; sounding music, including singing

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6
Q

Doctrine of Ethos

A

Belief that music can powerfully affect human character and behavior shared by Plato and Aristotle

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7
Q

Apollonian

A

art that is abstract and appeals to the intellect.

Apollo is god of sun, music and poetry

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8
Q

Direct singing

A

solo or unison singing

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9
Q

Responsorial singing

A

solo singer performed verses of text and congregation answered each verse with a response (refain or following verse)

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10
Q

Antiphonal singing

A

Singers divided into groups that sing in alteration

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11
Q

Ars Subtillior

A

French composers’ exploitation of techniques provided by Ars Nova in late 14th century

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12
Q

Guilamme de Machaut

A

most famous and accomplished composer of Ars Nova
composed 23 motets, both sacred and secular
Messse de Notre Dame-earliest surviving compilation of complete polyphonic mass

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13
Q

Formes Fixes

A

French standard designs for complete compositions of chansons based off stanza

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14
Q

ballade

A

aabC aabC aabC

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15
Q

Virelaie

A

Abba Abba AbbaA

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16
Q

Rondeau

A

AB aA ab AB

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17
Q

Phillip de Vitry

A

14th century music theorist
Wrote treatise Ars Nova
new approach to notating complex rhythms

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18
Q

Ars Nova

A

new approach to notating rhythm; rejects dependence on triple

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19
Q

Isorhythm

A

musical technique that arranges a fixed pattern of pitches with a repeating rhythmic pattern
used in motets

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20
Q

Motet

A

13th century highly varied musical compositions with liturgical and secular themes
poly-textual

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21
Q

Ligature

A

graphic symbol representing two or more notes performed in a single gesture, and on a single syllable

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22
Q

Cantus Firmus

A

the existing chant/chant melody

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23
Q

Ordo

A

grouping of rhythmic modal units into phrases articulated by rests

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24
Q

Leonin

Study These Flashcards
A

12th century composer assoc. Cathedral of Notre Dame
Wrote Magnus Liber Organi
use of rhythmic modes

25
Perotin
Member of Notre Dame polyphony school of thought and Ars Nova expanded Leonins Magnus Liber Organi with organum duplum, organum triplum, complex discant calusulae
26
Discant
each voice would have a simple or compound neume for each syllable of text, distinguished from florid organum
27
Rhythmic Modes
Notre Dame School of Though | Set patterns of long and short durations for polyphonic parts; six rhythmic modes based on longa or breve
28
Notre Dame Polyphony
the development of applying rhythmic modes to melodic lines
29
Florid Organum
many notes in organal voice (duplum) over tenor; or the chant voice
30
Free Organum
independence of melodic direction between voices. contrary motion, parallel and oblique note against note, mostly perfect intervals
31
Parallel Organum
doubling of chant in octaves or other intervals
32
Estampie
Instrumental dance music which might have words for singing
33
Medieval Instruments
harp, psaltery, lute, rebec, vielle or fiedel, recorder, shawms, bagpipes, pipe and tabor, positive and portative organ
34
Haut
loud instruments for outdoors or in very large halls
35
Bas
delicate soft instruments
36
Minnesinger
German aristocratic poet-composers. composed minnelieder (courty love songs)
37
St. Augustine
``` Church Father (354-430) Confessions dilemma in enjoying the pleasures of music over the contemplation of God. ```
38
Pope Gregory
Established Schola Cantorum (Singers school) distinguishing priests from singers spread Christian faith and musical practice with missionaries
39
Mass
public form of worship | combination of teaching half and Holy communion
40
Proper
text and music changes based on day of year
41
Ordinary
text and music remain the same regardless of day of year
42
Divine Office
Private form of worship | Pray 7x a day and once at night
43
Greater Hours
part of Divine office in which music was more complex | Matins, Lauds, Vespers and Compline
44
Psalm tone
melodies employed specifically for singing the verses of the psalms inntonation, tenor with flex, mediant, tenor, termination
45
Diastematic Notation
indicated heights of notes as well as direction of melodic gesture
46
Guido of Arrezo
11th century teacher and theorist standardization of 4 line staff "Ut queant laxis"
47
Hexachord
pattern of six tones used for sight singing
48
Solmization
System developed by Guide of Arrezo for sight singing using hexachords
49
Mutation
process of pivoting from one hexachord to the next
50
Modes
classes of melodic configurations or formulas
51
Trope
the addition of words or music or both to an existing chant
52
Sequence
special application of troping principle which became a complete independent movement within the Mass
53
Notker Balbulus
monk that realized long melismas following the Alleluia were easier to memorize if words were added composed poems to be sung syllabically called prosa
54
Hildegard von Bingen
female german writer, nun and visionary that composed sequences
55
Liturgical Drama
Result of troping; acting out of sung texts | Easter and Christmas were most popular
56
Jongleurs/Minstrels
poor low class traveling musicians that would tumble and juggle in town squares
57
Troubadour/Trouvere
upper class composers of poetry and music
58
Chanson de Geste
oral tradition of long verse narratives that sang stories of heroes' escapades.
59
Dionysian
art that arouses strong emotion, God of fertility and wine

Music History 1 (1 decks)

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