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Parasitology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a facultative parasite?

A

Free - living organism that can become parasitic

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2
Q

What is the infective stage for intestinal amebas?

A

Cyst

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3
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

“Living together” refers to a positive relationship

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4
Q

What is mutualism?

A

An obligatory relationship in which both organisms benefit

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5
Q

What is commensalism?

A

Not obligatory, but it is a relationship in which one species benefits and the other doesn’t benefit or become harmed

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6
Q

What is parasitism?

A

A relationship in which one species of organisms lives on or within another organism with parasite living at the expense of the host and causing harm

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7
Q

5 factors that affect the host and can make infection worse?

A

Age, Immunocompetence, # of organisms, location of parasite, and nutritional status of host

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8
Q

What is an endoparastie?

A

Organism that lives inside the host

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9
Q

What is an ectoparasite?

A

Organism that lives on or inside a host

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10
Q

What is an accidental (incidental) parasite?

A

Organisms that normally live in or on a host other than humans

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11
Q

What is a definitive host?

A

A host in which parasite reaches sexual or reproductive maturity

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12
Q

What is an intermediate host?

A

A host that harbors the asexual reproductive stage

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13
Q

What is a transport host?

A

Host that harbors a parasite that does not reproduce but goes on to infect a new host

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14
Q

What is an arbor vector?

A

Transport host which travel through the air

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15
Q

What is a reservoir host?

A

May harbor a parasite that is infective to humans

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16
Q

4 possible sources of a parasitic infection.

A

Water, airborne, plants, and animals

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17
Q

2 modes of transportation

A

Skin penetration and oral

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18
Q

Stool specimens need to be examined within ___ - ____ minutes.

A

30 - 60

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19
Q

Can we accept stool with water or urine?

A

No, its contamination

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20
Q

Brown poop is ________.

A

Normal

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21
Q

Black poop may indicate _________.

A

Bleeding

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22
Q

What are the 3 types of preparation for microscopic examination of stool?

A

Direct wet mount, concentrates, and permanent stained smear

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23
Q

What does a saline direct wet mount show?

A

Trophozite motility and appears refractile

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24
Q

What does a iodine wet mount of stool show?

A
  • Highlights internal structure of parasite - Destroys troph motility - Stains glycogen
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25
Q

______ _______ are the gold standard for identification.

A

Stained smears

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26
Q

What does a modified acid-fast stain defect?

A

Oocysts

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27
Q

Is Entamoeba histolytica pathogenic and where does it live in the body?

A

Yes, in large intestine

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28
Q

Trophozite is the ________, __________, and _________ stage.

A

Motile, feeding, and reproductive

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29
Q

Trophozites reproduce by __________ __________.

A

Binary fission

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30
Q

Type of transmission associated with intestinal amebae.

A

Fecal - oral

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31
Q

How is E. histolytic treated in endemic areas?

A

Treatment may not be given because there is a high risk of reinfection

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32
Q

What happens when E. histolytica erodes the intestinal wall?

A

It can travel to the liver and cause hepative abscess

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33
Q

Where is E. histolytica more common?

A

Poorly developed countries

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34
Q

What can E. histolytica cause?

A

Amebic dysentary (bloody diarrhea)

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35
Q

What three ways can E. histolytica be present?

A

Asymptomatic colonization Colitis Extraintestinal amebiasis

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36
Q

What size should E. histolytica trophs be?

A

15 - 25 micrometers

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37
Q

How many nucleus do E. histolytica trophs have?

A

1 nucleus

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38
Q

What shape are E. histolytica trophs?

A

Finger shaped pseudopods

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39
Q

What does the chromatin of E. histolytica troph look like?

A

Beaded appearance, evenly distributed, and lining nuclear membrane

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40
Q

What does the karyosome look like in E. histolytica troph?

A

Small, compact, and centrally located

41
Q

What does cytoplasm look like in E. histolytica troph?

A

Finely granular, presence of RBCs, and may contain bacteria or yeast

42
Q

What size should E. histolytica cysts be?

A

10 - 20 micrometers

43
Q

How many nucleus do E. histolytica mature cyst have?

A

4 nuclei

44
Q

How many nucleus do E. histolytica immature cyst have?

A

1 - 2 nuclei

45
Q

What kind of chromatin does E. histolytica cyst have?

A

Fine uniform granules that are evenly distributed

46
Q

What does the karyosome does E. histolytica cyst have?

A

Small, compact, and centrally located

47
Q

What is in the cytoplasm of E. histolytica immature cyst?

A

Chromatoid bodies on periphery vacuoles that are blunt, rounded, with smooth edges

48
Q

Is E. dispar pathogenic?

A

No

49
Q

Can you tell the difference between E. dispar and E. histolytica?

A

No

50
Q

How could you tell between E. dispar and E. histolytica?

A

E. histolytica usually has ingested RBCs

51
Q

Is E. hartmanni pathogenic?

A

No

52
Q

How is E. hartmanni different from E. histolytica?

A
  • Hartmanni has eccentric karyosome and uneven peripheral chromatin. - Smaller size (trophs 4-12 micrometers, cysts 5-10 micrometers.
53
Q

How is E. coli cyst transmitted?

A

Fecal - oral

54
Q

How is the motility of E. coli?

A

Sluggish and nondirectional

55
Q

Size of E. coli troph?

A

25 - 50 micrometers

56
Q

of nucleus of E. coli troph?

A

1

57
Q

Chromatin of E. coli troph?

A

Clumped, irregular, and unevenly arranged

58
Q

Karyosome of E. coli troph?

A

Large, not compact or coarse, eccentric

59
Q

Cytoplasm of E. coli troph?

A

Distinct ectoplasm/endoplasm Uneven granular with vacuoles Contains bacteria, yeast, debris

60
Q

Size of E. coli cyst?

A

15 - 25 micrometers

61
Q

Number of nuclei in E. coli cyst?

A

5 - 8 nuclei, occasionally 16 or more

62
Q

Chromatin in E. coli cyst?

A

Coarse, clumped, granular and unevenly arranged

63
Q

Karyosome of E. coli cyst?

A

Large, eccentric

64
Q

Cytoplasm of E. coli immature cyst?

A

Chromatoid bodies with rough pointed ends

65
Q

What does the karyosome and chromatin of Endolimax nana look like?

A

Large karyosome with no peripheral chromatin on the nuclear membrane

66
Q

Size of Endolimax nana troph?

A

5 - 12 micrometers (10 is the average)

67
Q

What parasite has up to 4 karyosomes with “buttonhole” nuclei?

A

Cyst of Endolimax nana

68
Q

What does the nucleus of Iodamoeba butschlii look like?

A

Single, irregular karyosome with granules and thin nuclear membrane and no peripheral chromatin.

69
Q

What is the troph size for Iodamoeba butschlii?

A

6 - 20 micrometers

70
Q

What is the cyst size and shape for Iodamoeba butschlii?

A

Oval and 6 - 15 micrometers

71
Q

What bacteria has a well-defined glycogen vacuole?

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

72
Q

What is the most common intestinal protozoa?

A

Blastocystis hominis

73
Q

What bacteria was originally classified as a yeast and is now regarded as an ameba?

A

Blastocystis hominis

74
Q

What is the most commonly identified stage for Blastocystis hominis?

A

Vacuolar

75
Q

Size of nuclei in Blastocystis hominis

A

5 - 15 micrometers

76
Q

Cytoplasm of Blastocystis hominis

A

Round, ring of cytoplasm lining the plasma membranes with up to 4 nuclei

77
Q

Where is tissue ameba found?

A

Fresh or salt water, moist soil, and decaying vegetation

78
Q

How does Naegleria fowleri gain entry into the body?

A

Nasal mucosa during swimming in ponds or small lakes that are inhabited by the organism

79
Q

What does Naegleria fowleri invade?

A

CNS and migrates along the olfactory nerves and invades the brain within days

80
Q

What is the incubation period of Naegleria fowleri?

A

2-3 days maybe 2 weeks

81
Q

When is diagnosis made of Naegleria fowleri?

A

Usually at autopsy

82
Q

Where is Naegleria fowleri most frequently reported in the US?

A

Texas, Florida, Virginia, and California

83
Q

What is Acanthamoeba associated with?

A
  • Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) - Amebic keratitis in soft contact lens wearers - Cutaneous infections
84
Q

How does Acanthamoeba invade?

A

CNA through lungs or skin

85
Q

Four types of Leishmania?

A

Leishmania tropica, mexicana, donovani, and brazilines

86
Q

Trypanosoma that causes Chagas disease?

A

Cruzi

87
Q

Trypanosoma that causes East African Sleeping Sickness?

A

brucei rhodesiense

88
Q

Trypanosoma that causes West African Sleeping Sickness?

A

brucei gambiense

89
Q

General amoeba life cycle?

A

Ingested cyst from contaminated food/water then moves to intestines and reproduces by asexual reproduction (or binary fission) turns to troph and encysts. Can either be passed in stool or E. histolytica can erode intestinal wall and travel through circulatory system and harm liver.

90
Q

What parasite is this?

A

E. coli cyst (more than 4 nuclei)

91
Q

What parasite is this?

A

E. coli troph

92
Q

What parasite is this?

A

E. histolytica immature cyst

93
Q

What parasite is this?

A

E. histolytica immature cyst

94
Q

What parasite is this?

A

E. histolytica troph with ingested RBCs

95
Q

What parasite is this?

A

Iodamoeba butschlii cyst (glycogen vacuole)

96
Q

What parasite is this?

A

Leishmania amastigote

97
Q

What parasite is this?

A

Trypanosoma in a blood smear

98
Q
A

Parasitology (5 decks)

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