Test 1

Question 0

What is the huge hydraulic machine?

Answer 0

Tide powered rice production.
Used along rivers and the ocean, relies on the flow of water back and forth along the rice.
Located near the mouths of rivers, took massive amounts of labor Georgia begins to embrace this method in the 1760s
Simplifies nature into and artificial ecosystem
(At this point the low country economy was driven by the slave Economy)

Question 1

What is the task system

Answer 1

A system of labor based on task, slaves would be assigned a task and when they were done they were free to do what they wanted (like farm for themselves).
A task was unit of measurement, usually about 1/2 an acre

Question 2

What was the planter landscape like on rice plantations?

Answer 2

Clearly marked as a leader and everything that is produced was owned by the planters.
Expressed attempts to manipulate water and dominate labor
But there was planter absenteeism because under the task system slaves did not have to be monitored

Question 3

What was the slave landscape on a rice plantation?

Answer 3

They lived off the grid, did not have to be under constant observation and because of this they had there own autonomy and were able to create a community of their own.

Question 4

What were the justifications for slavery?

Answer 4

• The great chain of being- there are higher and lower humans, slave owners thought that black people were inferior to white people.
• Benevolent paternalism-believed that “superior” whites should take care of the lower people
• environmental paternalism-environment determines your place in society, I.e. Slavery is not something that your choose it is just they was things are (plantation agriculture was a product of climate and environment, Africans thought to be better suited to labor in hot humid conditions)

Question 5

What is the Holocene era?

Answer 5

This is the current geological era that began roughly around 13,000 years ago.
Followed the plasticine era and environmental communities begin to take shape
-human colonization begins in the Americas (could be as much a 50000 years ago though)
The shift from one era to the next began with a major extinction event.

Question 6

Who were the paleo-Indians?

Answer 6

Lived about 13000 to 14000 years ago.
Big game hunters
Clovis point- arrowhead like hunting tool, part of a 2 piece spear
Bison drop- pushing large game over a cliff as a hunting strategy
Blamed for the plasticine over kill thesis- over hunted and cause the extinction event
They were completely nomadic

Question 7

What is the archaic tradition?

Answer 7

About 8000 years ago
More diversified subsistence
Large mammals are gone they have to use more local resources
More sedentary had home bases and moved with the seasons
More efficient explorers of nature
Move into more specialized weapons for hunting

Question 8

What is the wood land tradition?

Answer 8

3000 years ago
Elaborate methods of food Storage
Developed the bow and arrow
Started building large earth works like rock eagle
Developed agriculture and a farming community
Domesticated native and tropical plants
Extensive trade networks

Question 9

What is the Mississippian tradition?

Answer 9

700 ad
Started in the Mississippi valley and spread southeast
Known for large earthen mounds with flat tops (could be used for burial rituals and living spaces for chiefs).
Widespread agriculture
The American triad- or 3 sisters crops which were corn, beans and squash
Were able to use fire in a predictable way (burning down a patch of Forrest so things would grow that would attract game).

Question 10

Mississippian tradition continued

Answer 10

Stratified society where people were divided into elites and commoners
Elaborate belief system and artistic accomplishment called southeastern ceremonial complex
Political organization- chiefdoms and paramount chiefdoms

Question 11

What are shatter zones?

Answer 11

The political and social organization of the Native American population has fallen apart due to the settlement of the Spanish and English native Americans have created separate alliances call splits among their own people

Question 12

What was the Yamasee war?

Answer 12

1715 1717 war on the South Carolina frontiers the colonists weren’t totally sure who is leading the raids into South Carolina

Question 13

What did James Oglethorpe do?

Answer 13

• Oglethorpe was concerned about the amount poor people in England because it made them look really bad
• making a new colony would help these people
• he came from a well-to-do family was elected to Parliament in 1722 astute politician Oglethorpe’s family was against the current crown
• he sought reform in transatlantic slavery he wanted the English government to regulate slavery

Question 14

James Oglethorpe and setting up the Georgia colony

Answer 14

He was naïve about setting up a colony

• ruledGeorgia with an iron fist
• wanted Georgia to be a debtors colony so people could work off their debt instead of going to jail
• requested a charter for a new colony in 1730 it was granted in 1732 and named after King George the second

Question 15

What were the land claims for the new colony of Georgia

Answer 15

Land between the Savannah and the altmaha rivers and went to their headwaters and westward to the Southseas
-this claim of land only meant something to other European powers not Native Americans
Georgia was something new prior there are either economic or religious colonies Georgia was philanthropically based and militarily ruled

Question 16

What were the purposes of the new Georgia colony

Answer 16

It was a refuge for Protestants no Roman Catholic settlers
relieve English unemployment
no grants of land over 500 acres
no slavery didn’t want society dependent on forced labor and he didn’t want lazy colonist who didn’t do anything
no rum no trading or selling no
No lawyers felt like lawyers impeded the political process

Question 17

Who tomochichi?

Answer 17

Chief of the Yamacraw Indians

Principal mediator between the native population and the new English settlers during the first years of settlement

Question 18

Who were the malcontents?

Answer 18

A group of people who were displeased with the policies of James Oglethorpe and the Georgia trustees during the early years of Georgia settlement

• most of the malcontents arrived without assistance from the trustees and therefore do not have the same loyalty to the colonies founders
• objected to prohibitions on slavery and rum and the limits on landownership
• between 1737 and 1738 Patrick tailfer organized a petition to change the colonies administration, they refused to change anything
• officials in London ordered surveys of popular sentiment following the publication of a pamphlet but the trustees and their increasingly controversial statutes remained
• The use of slave labor is generally credited to the malcontents and their complaining

Question 19

What was the battle of bloody marsh?

Answer 19

It was the only attempt by the Spanish to invade Georgia during the war of Jenkins ear

• The Spanish invade St. Simons Island
• The Spanish attack near Fort Frederica they met English Rangers, Oglethorpe learned of the engagement and brought reinforcements
• The English win this battle
• this battle reinforce the confidence of the English because they defeated the Spanish the Spanish suffered greatly they retreated and had reluctance to ever invade the region again

Question 20

What happened in Royal Georgia

Answer 20

Colonists were unhappy under British rule because they didn’t have any representation under Parliament
-they believed that they shouldn’t have to pay taxes or live under laws of the government that was across an ocean

Question 21

The Revolutionary war in Georgia

Answer 21

January 1776 British warships arrived governor wright fled
-May 1776 Georgia drafts their own constitution send it to Lyman Hall button Gwinnett and George Walton were sent to sign the Declaration of Independence
-

Question 22

What is the stamp act?

Answer 22

Passed by British Parliament in 1765 it was a new tax imposed an all American colonist and require them to pay a tax on every piece of printer paper they used
This included ship papers legal documents newspapers and even playing cards
This is the beginning of the idea of revolution because colonists believed that they can only be taxed by their own representation not the representatives in England

Question 23

What happened at Tondees tavern

Answer 23

1774 delegates from every parish met at the tavern they passed resolutions and tried to elect delegates to the Continental Congress
In 1775 the second provincial congress convened at the tavern and created the first government of the state delegates were elected to the Continental Congress An administration was created

Question 24

Who was Benjamin Hawkins?

Answer 24

Indian agent for the federal government began advising the Creek Indians and tries to negotiate land treaties
-tells Indians that if they want to stay in Georgia they need to assimilate to the American culture. for example religion, property ownership, learning to farm, adopting plantation farming and slave ownership

Question 25

What was the compact of 1802?

Answer 25

It was a formal agreement between Georgia and the federal government George’s sold its extra land to the federal government for $1.25 million makes the federal government responsible for Land negotiations

Question 26

What is the Yazoo land fraud?

Answer 26

Georgia have been fielding offers to sell their land in the west
-in 1795 they sell it to four different land companies 35,000,000 acres for $500,000
This is a problem because there was a lot of bribing that went into the deal all of the people who were involved were voted out of office
-help Georgians realize that they were completely ready to act as a state

Question 27

What happened during the creek Civil War

Answer 27

It was happening simultaneously to the war of 1812
-they were arguing over assimilation the lower Creeks for okay with it and the upper creeks did not want to assimilate
-The lower creeks allied with the United States and the upper Creek’s allied with the British
At the battle of horseshoe Bend it was fought against the upper Creek the US the wipes them out
The Treaty of Fort Jackson in 1814 took almost all of the Creek land including the lower Creek land even though they had been helping the US

Question 28

Cotton in Georgia

Answer 28

-Longstaple cotton was imported from the west Indies brought to Georgia in 1785 needed 250 frost free days coastal Georgia was the only place that could grow it
-short staple cotton was a problem because lint would cling to the seeds one person could separate only 1 pound a day
-The invention of the cotton gin made it easy to separate lint from seeds
-Short staple cotton could be grown away from rivers it only needed 200 frost free days
-eventually move from black and green seed cotton to Mexican cotton which slaves could pick five times more of it
Because of the invention of a lever press standard bales increased from 300 to 500 pounds by 1860 the south produced two thirds of the world supply of cotton

Question 29

What was Worchester versus Georgia?

Answer 29

In 1832 Samual worchester was arrested because he was a white man living in the Cherokee nation without a permit

• The Supreme Court decides that the Cherokee nation has the right to have their own laws because they are their own nation
• Andrew.Jackson continued to remove Cherokees from their land even though the Supreme Court said no

Question 30

What is the Treaty of new echota

Answer 30

In 1835 the Cherokee nation was divided and the treaty party sign the treaty they were led by the ridge family the treaty said they agreed to move for $5 million

• Ross is part of the resistance party spent time lobbying to Congress but it didn’t work
• it led to the Trail of tears in 1838 where the US Army forcibly removed the rest of the Cherokees which were around 17,000 people

Question 31

What were the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions?

Answer 31

1. State compact theory the Constitution came from the compact of the states the states could say when Congress had exceeded its authority
2. States are duty-bound to interpose for arresting the progress of evil states could nullify the alien and sedition ask
   These are used as the reason for the right to rebel against the federal government

Question 32

What was the nullification crisis in Georgia

Answer 32

The tariff act of 1828 was used to protect northern industry and it raised the prices in the south
-Andrew Jackson continued to support the Tariff and in return John c Calhoun resigned when Jackson added his continued support
-South Carolina declares the terrible unconstitutional and asks Georgia for support for Georgia government refuses support
-two political parties form in Georgia union and states rights the states right supported nullification
-in 1832 states rights party calls and anti-tariff convention
-

Question 33

What was the compromise of 1850?

Answer 33

During the Mexican war the United States gained a lot of land from Mexico and the question was whether the Land will be slave or free
-California was allowed to come in as a free state but only with the fugitive slave act in place which is a compromise for California coming in as a free state. If a slave escaped they had to be brought back from the north and northern states were legally supposed to look for fugitive slaves

Question 34

What is the Georgia platform?

Answer 34

The platform established Georgia’s conditional acceptance of the compromise of 1850

• it excepted the measures of the compromise so long as the north complied with the fugitive slave act
• The North had to agree to no longer attempt to ban the expansion of slavery into new territories and states if the north didn’t like that it would make secession inevitable

Question 35

What was the Georgia secession convention of 1861

Answer 35

They met in Milledgeville and voted to secede Georgia from the union
-they also created George’s first new Constitution
-in January 1861 Georgia voters selected delegates to the convention
Early voting at the convention indicated that it might be close between the secessionists and the cooperationists but the final vote showed a major shift and they voted to secede from the union

Question 36

Who was Alexander Stephens

Answer 36

He Was the Confederate vice president during the Civil War