Test #1 Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
what type of microscope do we use in the labs?
A
compound light microscope
2
Q
the light passing through a specimen to be viewed can be controlled/adjusted using? A. the rheostat B.the iris diaphragm C.the condenser D. All of the above
A
D
3
Q
A specimen on a slide is held in place by a spring clamp on the stage and moved around using:
A
the coaxial drive
4
Q
when viewing an object using the microscope, you are actually looking through two separate lenses, the ______ lenses and one of the _________ lenses
A
Ocular
Objective
5
Q
in order to focus an object the coarse or fine adjustment knobs are used which act to _____ or _____ the stage
A
raise
lower
6
Q
If you are viewing a specimen using the 40x objective lens, what is the total magnification?
A
400x
7
Q
The ______ the concentration difference, the ______ the rate of diffusion.
A
higher, faster
or
lower, slower
8
Q
If solution A has a greater solute concentration than solution B, then A is said to be ____tonic to B
A
hyper
9
Q
Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from:
A
A high concentration to a low concentration
10
Q
osmosis is:
A
the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient
11
Q
In lab B (diffusion and osmosis) what did the dialysis tubing act as?
A
The selectively permeable membrane of a cell
12
Q
All of the following are true of epithelial cells accept: A. It can be glandular B. It covers a surface or lines a lumen C. An example of cartilage D. It consists of tightly packed cells
A
C
13
Q
A single layer of epithelial cells is called ______
A
simple
14
Q
Two or more layers of epithelial cells are described as __________
A
stratified
15
Q
the cells in bone are called __________
A
osteocytes
16
Q
The matrix of ____ is called plasma
A
blood
17
Q
What power of objective do you start focusing with?
A
5x
18
Q
Name four types of tissue
A
Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muslce
19
Q
There are 5 types of human tissues, can you name the fifth
A
Embryonic
20
Q
The person giving blood to another person is known as the?
A
Donor
21
Q
The person the blood was given to is known as the?
A
Recipient
22
Q
If you have ever had hepatitis, HIV, or any other related disease why must you not take part in this lab?
A
Because you risk spreading the disease to others through your blood.
23
Q
Why should antisera not be added directly to a blood sample
A
Because it could potentially contaminate it.
24
Q
What should you do if your skin comes into contact with another persons blood?
A
Wash your hands immediately with hot water and soap
25
Why must all these materials in this lab be sterilized before disposal?
So the materials don't have any blood left on them that could potentially harm someones health.
26
Why must spilled blood be wiped immediately with a strong bleach solution?
To disinfect the area so there is no risk of spreading disease or other viruses through touching the blood.
27
What are the function(s) of neutrophils?
phagocytize bacteria and cellular debris.
28
What are the function(s) of lymphocytes?
release free floating antibodies & T cells (immune response)
29
What are the function(s) of monocytes?
highly phagocitic, accumulate in high numbers later in infection
30
What are the function(s) of eosinophils?
fight parasitic worms & participate in inflammatory and allergic responses
31
What are the function(s) of basophils?
release chemicals which are involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions. release histamine/ prevent clots via heparin
32
What does elevated numbers of neutrophils indicate?
infection such as appendicitis or abcesses
33
What does elevated numbers of lymphocytes indicate?
whooping cough and some viral infections
34
What does elevated numbers of monocytes indicate?
infection
35
What does elevated numbers of epsinophils indicate?
allergic reaction or parasitic worms
36
What does elevated numbers of basophils indicate?
infection/allergic reaction
37
what is the structure of simple squamous?
flat, single layer of cells
38
What is the function of simple squamous?
Function as mediators of filtration and diffusion (gas exchange)
39
Where is the location of simple squamous?
Lung (lining of avcoli )
40
What is the structure of stratified squamous?
Multiple cell layers, flat
41
What are the functions of stratified squamous?
Meant to protect.
42
Where is the location of stratified squamous?
Skin (outer epidermous)
43
What is the structure of simple cuboidal?
square, single layer of cells
44
What are the functions of simple cuboidal?
absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances
45
Where is the location of simple cuboidal?
Kidney (tubules)
46
What is the structure of simple columnar with brush border?
tall, single layer cells
47
What are the functions of simple columnar with brush border?
absorption
48
Where is the location of simple columnar with brush border?
intestine
49
What is the structure of simple ciliated columnar?
tall, have ilia, single layer of cells
50
What are the functions of ciliated columnar?
protection (move mucus)
51
Where is the location of ciliated columnar?
lung (inner layer of a large bronchiole
52
What is the structure of of transitional?
multiple layers of cells, can be controlled or expanded
53
What are the functions of transitional?
can contract and expand
54
Where is the location of transitional?
urinary bladder (lines it)
55
What is the structure of pseudostratified ciliated columnar?
single layer of cells, look stratified
56
What are the functions of pseudostratified ciliated columnar?
secretion of mucus
57
Where is the pseudostratified ciliated columnar located?
Trachea (lining the inside of it)
58
abdominal
relating to the abdomen
59
Trunk
a person's or animal's body apart from the limbs and head.
60
Axillary
of or relating to the armpit.
61
oral
of or relating to the mouth.
62
otic
of or relating to the ear.
63
cranial
of or relating to the skull or cranium
64
facial
of or affecting the face.
65
cervical
of or relating to the neck.
66
lumbar
relating to the lower part of the back.
67
pubic
of or relating to the pubes or pubis.
68
thoracic
the part of the body of a mammal between the neck and the abdomen, including the cavity enclosed by the ribs, breastbone, and dorsal vertebrae, and containing the chief organs of circulation and respiration; the chest.
69
anterior
nearer the front, especially situated in the front of the body or nearer to the head.
70
posterior
further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end, especially of the body or a part of it.
71
superior
further above or out; higher in position.
72
inferior
low or lower in position.
73
medial
situated near the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ.
74
lateral
of, at, toward, or from the side or sides
75
proximal
situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.
76
distal
situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment.
77
Superficial
towards the surface
78
deep
away from the surface
79
parietal
of, relating to, attached to, or denoting the wall of the body or of a body cavity or hollow structure.
80
visceral
of or relating to the viscera.
81
viscera
the internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially those in the abdomen,
82
dorsal
towards the back
83
ventral
towards the front
84
abdominopelvic
relating to or being the abdominal and pelvic cavities of the body.
85
pleural
the delicate serous membrane that lines each half of the thorax of mammals and is folded back over the surface of the lung of the same side
86
pericardial
of, relating to, or affecting the pericardium; also : situated around the heart.
87
pericardium
the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.
88
what are the two types of cells?
prokaryotic, Eukaryotic
89
prokaryotic?
- small & simple
- no membrane bound organelles
- circular DNA
e. g. bacteria
90
Eukoryotic?
- large & complex
- membrane bound organelles
- linear DNA
e. g. animal cell
91
What is field of view?
total area visible
92
Define tissues
group of similar cells & their inter-cellular substances that together perform a common function
93
what is the 5th type of tissue?
embryonic
94
simple
single layer of cells
95
squamous
flat
96
stratified
multiple layers of cells
97
cuboidal
square
98
colomnar
tall- rectangular
99
what is pseudostratified colomnar?
found in trachea
special type
looks like 2 layers but is only 1
100
Composition of blood:
plasma _%
leukocytes less than _%
erythrocytes _%
55, 1, 45
101
What is plasma made of (in percentages)
90% water 10% dissolved solutes
102
Erythrocytes- name and function
red blood cells
| transport o2 & co2
103
leukocytes- name
white blood cells
104
Name the 5 type of leukocytes and the percentages
1. neutrophil 50-70%
2. lymphocytes 25%
3. monocytes 3-8%
4. eosinophils 2-4%
5. basophil .5-1%
105
RBC count normal range for
boys:
girls:
4. 2-5.4 x 10^6 mm3-1
| 4. 6-6.2 x 10^6 mm3-1
106
```
Antigen for:
A
B
AB
O
```
A
B
AB
----
107
```
Antibody for:
A
B
AB
O
```
anti B
anti A
---------
anti A & anti B
108
```
What it can receive:
A
B
AB
O
```
A, O
B, O
AB, O, A, B
O
109
What is agglutination and what does it lead to?
red blood cells stick together leads to death
110
What if a mismatch of blood occurs?
agglutination
111
name 4 types of cartilage
hyaline- nose
fibrocartilage - intervertebral discs
elastic- pinna of ear
articular- subtype of hyaline/ joints-slippery
112
Frontal (coronal) plane
is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections. It is one of the planes of the body used to describe the location of body parts in relation to each other.
113
tranverse
The transverse plane (also called the horizontal plane, axial plane, or transaxial plane) is an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes.
114
midsaggital plane
The median plane also called a midsagittal plane is used to describe the sagittal plane as it bisects the body vertically through the midline marked by the navel, dividing the body exactly in left and right side.
115
parasagittal plane
This plane cuts the body into halves (assuming bilateral symmetry), passing through midline structures such as the navel and spine. It is one of the lines defining the right upper quadrant of the human abdomen. The term parasagittal is used to describe any plane parallel to the sagittal plane.
116
longitudinal section
the representation of an object as it would appear if cut by the vertical plane passing through the longest axis of the object.
117
oblique section
: a section in a mechanical drawing that is neither a cross section nor a longitudinal section. To access the complete Unabridged Dictionary, with an additional 300,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary, start a free trial.
118
areolar- function
helps body organs by forming soft packaging
119
adipose- function
fat storage
120
reticular connective tissue- function
bind together soft organs
121
elastic connective tissue- function
helps expand and stretch
122
dense regular connective tissue- function
attach muscle to the bone
123
hyaline cartilage - function
provides smooth surfaces, enabling tissue to move
124
compact bone - function
provides strength & protection to the bone
125
vascular connective tissue
carries O2
126
areolar- cells
mast cells, wbcs, fibro blasts
127
adipose- cells
fribroblasts adipocytes
128
reticular connective tissue- cells
fibroblasts
129
elastic connective tissue- cells
fibroblasts
130
dense regular connective tissue- cells
dispersed, fibroblast
131
hyaline cartilage- cells
chondrocytes
132
compact bone - cells
osteocytes
133
vascular connective tissue- cells
leukocytes, erythrocytes
134
areolar- fibers
collagonous, elastic, reticular
135
adipose- fibers
elastic
136
reticular connective tissue- fibers
reticular fibers
137
elastic connective tissue- fibers
elastic fibers
138
dense regular connective tissues- fibers
parallel, collagenous,
139
hyaline cartilage- fibers
collagenous
140
compact bone - fibers
collagenous
141
vascular connective tissue- fibers
none
142
areolar- location
subcutaneous layer
143
adipose- location
subcutaneous layer, kidney, intestine, joints, hearts
144
reticular connective tissue- location
liver, spleen, lymph nodes
145
elastic connective tissues- location
artery, trachea, lungs
146
dense regular connective tissue - location
tendons, ligaments
147
hyaline cartilage- location
ribs, nose, trachea
148
compact bone- location
human bone
149
vascular connective tissue- location
blood vessels
