Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Early childhood > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

early childhood development

A

the development of children from conception and birth through age 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Learning is best achieved when the senses are involved. (Comenius)

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gifts (Frobel)

A

Gifts were objects given to children for hands on learning of shape, size, and color concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

occupations (Frobel)

A

Occupations were materials designed for the development of psychomotor silks (blocks, wooden pegs, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

scaffolding (Vygotsky)

A

is a term used to explain the assistance that an adult or older peer gives to a child as she/he seeks to understand certain concepts and acquire specific skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ZPD (Vygotsky)

A

is the area that exists between the child’s current level of performance and the child’s potential level of performance. Children reach their potential with adult assistance. Scaffolding occurs in ZPD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anecdotal record

A

a narrative of descriptive paragraphs recorded after behavior occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

running record

A

a narrative written in sequence over a specified time, recorded while behavior is occurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

event sampling

A

a brief narrative of conditions preceding and following specified behaviors, recorded while behavior is occuring, based on objective behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

time sampling

A

tallies or symbols showing the presence or absence of specified behavior during short periods, recorded while behavior is occurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

checklist

A

a list of behaviors with check marks recorded before, during and after behavior occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

unique/diverse needs

A

the distant needs of each individual child that are not related to background or disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

special needs

A

the needs of children that result from developmental delays or disabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cultural/ethnic diversity

A

variations in development and behavior that are due to a child’s cultural background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SES

A

a measure of a family’s overall economic and social status, determined by level of education, income, place of residence and occupation of primary wage earners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

correlational study

A

a type of research in which two traits are measured and their relationship is examined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cross sectional study

A

research in which a trait is studied by examine children of many different ages at one time, and developmental trends are determined by comparing one age group to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

longitudinal study

A

research in which a group of children is studied over a long period of time to observe changes in behavior and development at various ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

experimental study

A

research in which a treatment, such as an educational intervention, is administered to subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

quantitative methods

A

research methods in which children are observed and their behaviors counted or rated numerically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

qualitative research

Study These Flashcards
A

research that involves writing a rich description of behaviors and development rather than counting or quantifying observations

22
Q

ethnography

Study These Flashcards
A

a type of research in which investigators spend significant time working or living with a group-a classroom, a family, or a community-and write qualitative descriptions of their observations

23
Q

summative assessment

Study These Flashcards
A

an overall evaluation of children’s growth after they have completed a school year or some long period of learning

24
Q

receptive vocabulary

Study These Flashcards
A

the number of words a child can understand when listening to another speaker

25
formative assessment
the evaluation of children's behavior, learning, and development over time, and relatively frequently
26
developmental checklist
a teacher rates children's attainment of certain developmental milestones
27
maturationist theory
a theory that holds that most of what humans become is predetermined by genetics and that traits inherited from ancestors simply unfold as children mature
28
behaviorist theory
a theory that holds that most of what humans become is shaped by the environment
29
classical conditioning
a strategy for shaping behavior in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a pleasurable one
30
operant conditioning
a form of training in which a desired behavior is immediately rewarded
31
Watson was the first to apply classical conditioning
Skinner developed operant conditioning
32
psychoanalytic theory
a theory that holds that emotional development is influenced by tensions between internal desires and impulses and the demands of the outside world
33
trust vs mistrust
birth to 18 months | children must come to trust that basic needs will be met by caregivers
34
autonomy vs shame/doubt
18 mo.-3.5 yrs | children must acquire a sense of independence from parents and a belief that they can do things on their own
35
initiative vs guilt
3.5 yrs-6 yrs | children must feel free to act, to create, to express themselves creatively, and to take risks
36
industry vs inferiority
6-12 yrs | children must come to feel competent in skills valued by society
37
cognitive development theory
a theory of human development holding that knowledge is actively constructed by the child and that active problem solving, social interaction, and language are necessary for learning
38
sensorimotor
0-18 months | infants rely solely on action and the senses to know things
39
preoperational
18 mo.-6/7 yrs | toddlers and preschool children can use symbols and internal thought to solve problems
40
concrete operational
8-12 yrs | elem school children are more abstract in their thinking, they use logic to solve problems
41
formal operational
12 yrs-adult | adolescents and adults can think abstractly
42
Piaget's stages of development
sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational formal operational
43
sociocultural theory
a theory that holds thinking and learning are highly influenced by social interaction, language, and culture
44
information processing theory
a theory of development that emphasizes how children learn in specific situations, relying on memory, attention, and other learning processes
45
social cues
actions, facial expressions, tone of voice, spoken words, and other social signals performed by peers that help young children interpret social situations
46
ecological systems theory
a theory of development that emphasizes the influence of the many institutions and settings
47
microsystem (most important)
the layer of environmental influences on development that includes all institutions and experiences within the child's immediate environment
48
mesosystem
the layer of environmental influences on development that is composed of the interconnections among the persons or organizations within the microsystem
49
exosystem
the layer of environmental influences on development that is composed of institutions or persons that do not actually touch children's lives but that indirectly affect their experiences
50
macrosystem
the layer of environmental influences on development that contains the overarching values, ideologies, laws, worldview, and customs of a particular culture or society

Early childhood (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions