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Nursing Science 2 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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0
Q

What are some factors that influence one’s mental health?

A

Support systems spirituality family influence development till influence personal traits demographic and demographic locations psychological stressors poverty impaired parenting health practices hormones biological genetic factors

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1
Q

What is the definition of mental health?

A

A state of well-being in which each individual is able to realize his or her own potential cope with normal stresses of life were productively and fruitfully and make contributions to the community

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2
Q

The ability to navigate through psychological social culturaland physical resources that sustain a person’s well-being
The ability to face tragedy loss severe stress and recover from the experience
Characterized by optimism and confidence
This is a definition for…

A

Resilience

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3
Q

What is psychiatric pluralism?

A

Integration of human biological factors and the environment

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4
Q

What is deinstitutionalization?

A

Moving people from institutions The community lead to developmental average teams and mobile crisis team’s

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5
Q

86% of hospitalizations for mental onus happen in…

A

General Hospital’s

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6
Q

What are some interconnected issues ferment on this

A

Meant on this substance abuse, inadequate community resources and housing results and homelessness and interactions with the criminal justice system

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7
Q

What population is at the highest threat to mental illness

A

Aboriginal

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8
Q

What percent of Canadian adults will person experience mental illness in there lifetime?

A

20%

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9
Q

Suicide accounts for ____% of all deaths among 15-24 year olds

A

24%

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10
Q

Individual group and environmental factors that work together effectively ensuring subjective well-being optimal development and use of mental abilities achievement of goals consistent with justice and conditions of fundamental equality

A

Optimal health

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11
Q

What is used to diagnose mental illness

A

DSM-5 official guide for diagnosing over 350 diagnosis

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12
Q

Rights of people with mental illness

A 
Right to medical care
Right to be treated with humanity and respect
Right to be cared for in the community
Right to provide informed consent before treatment
Right to privacy
Freedom of communication
Freedom of religion
Right to voluntary admission
Right to judicial guarantees
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13
Q

What is the common myth I mental illness

A

People with mental illness are violent and dangerous

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14
Q

What is the Canadian mental health act

A

A A law that gives certain powers and sets conditions for those powers to stipulate healthcare professionals and designated institutions regarding the admissions and treatment of individuals with mental disorders

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15
Q

What is a substitute decision-maker

A

A person assigned by another person, court guardian or relative

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16
Q

What is community treatment orders

A

People required to comply with treatment within the community
The intent is to remove barriers to help family police and caregivers to prevent people with mental illness if at risk harming themselves or others

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17
Q

What condition is defined as a complex with different people exhibiting different symptoms and people may have different symptoms episodes episode in the same person

A

Schizophrenia

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18
Q

What percent of people with schizophrenia experience a complete remission after the first episode

A

25%

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19
Q

What are some positive symptoms of diagnosing schizophrenia

A

Reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions including delusions and hallucinations

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20
Q

What are some negative diagnosing symptoms for schizophrenia

A

Lessening or loss of normal functions like flattening of motion reduced productivity and speech and inability to initiate or participate and goal directed activities and the inability to feel pleasure

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21
Q

What symptoms may include in regards to initial illness

A

Ustaying up all night, incoherent conversations, aggressive acts against self or others
patients become less able to care for self such as eating sleeping and basic hygiene
Often unable to function at school or work
Substance abuse is common
High risk of suicide

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22
Q

During treatment of schizophrenia is important to realize

A

There is no cure

Medication takes the edge off the symptoms but stress is in crisis can contribute two exacerbation of symptoms

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23
Q

Common psychiatric meds include

A

Holoperidol, clozapine, risperidone

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24
What is a wound? | What is it causes?
Any break in the skin Caused by intentional: surgery, debridement Unintentional: trauma, accidents , sun chemicals
25
What are the four types of wounds
Acute Pressure ulcers Diabetic ulcers Vascular: arterial and venous
26
Chronic wounds resulting from tissue death due to prolonged and reversible ischemia from compression of soft tissue is the definition for this type of wound
Pressure ulcers
27
If you scored 15 to 16 on the Braden scale you're out what risk of developing an ulcer
Mild
28
If you were scored a 13 or 14 at what risk are you at for developing a pressure ulcer
Moderate risk
29
If you scored 10 to 12 what risk are you at for developing a pressure ulcer
High risk
30
If you scored less than 10 on the Braden scale at what risk are you at for developing a pressure ulcer
A very high-risk | existing skin breakdown indicates respecter's already present and attention is required
31
Stage one pressure ulcers indicates
I reddened area of intact skin that doesn't blanche
32
Stage two of a pressure ulcer or indicates
And open red area into dermis
33
Stage III have a pressure ulcer indicates
Open into the subcutaneous tissue
34
Stage 4 of a pressure ulcer indicates
I wound extends into muscle or bone
35
What are the main causes of diabetic ulcers and what did they do
Uncontrolled diabetes | Causes damage the blood vessels and nerves leaving to nerve damage and circulatory problems
36
What are the changes to the skin with atrial insufficiency
Thin, shiny skin, pale, | muscular atrophy
37
What is a vascular woundand what are its causes
Peripheral vascular disease | A group of disorders that affect blood vessels outside the heart
38
What is in atrial wound
Ischemic wound | Causes by the blood having difficulty getting to the extremities
39
What are some subjective findings for an Arterial wound?
Feet are A deep red or purple color due to lack of oxygen and blood Nails are thinking rigid Pulse maybe things or absent
40
What percent of all ulcers are atrial Wounds?
5-20%
41
What are lymphatic ulcers
Caused by lymphatic tissue doesn't function fluid pools and arms and legs Capillaries are compressed with thickened tissue which occludes blood Circulation is impaired with huge edema Skin is vulnerable to infection due to skin folds and traps moisture
42
What are factors that affect wound healing
``` Extent and type of wound location of wound care of wound medications therapies to increase circulation ```
43
Patient factors that affect wound healing
``` Circulation and oxygen nutrition (2x protein) hydration age smoking presence of infection presence of disease ```
44
What are the three types of healing
Primary intention secondary intention tertiary intention
45
What is primary intention
Superficial rooms involving only the epidermis or surgical wounds Cells grow from the margins of the wound For surgical incisions there's no loss of tissue and there's little risk for infection They heal quite quickly with minimal scarring healing time is about 4 to 14 days
46
What is secondary intention
Secondary intention occurs when there is substantial tissue loss
47
What are some examples for secondary intention healing
Pressure ulcers burns and traumas
48
What is partial thickness
Only involves the epidermis and the dermis
49
What is full thickness healing
Involve subcutaneous layer muscle and possibly bone
50
Secondary intention heels from A. Top B. Bottom C. Doesn't heal
B. Bottom | If the surface tissue closes first it makes a perfect warm moist area for bacteria to produce
51
What is tertiary intention healing
Wound is intentionally kept open to allow edema or infection to resolve or permit removal of exudate
52
What are the healing phases
Homeostasis- stops bleeding Inflammation- bleeding controlled, bacteria destroyed (4 to 6 days) Proliferation- granulation tissue develops( beefy red color) consist of macro phases fibroblast collagen, blood vessels and ground substance (4-24 days) Maturation- collagen fibers reorganize remodel amateur gaining strength (21 days to two years)
53
What are some complications of wound healing
Hemorrhages - leaning to hematoma dehiscing infection and fistula
54
What is evisceration?
Organs come out of wound
55
What is the fistula
Abnormal openings between two organs or between Oregon and the skin Often is caused by tunneling from the wound Very hard to heal
56
Crohn's is an example of
Fistula
57
During a wound assessment you assess
``` Immune status blood glucose hydration nutrition blood oxygen supply pain ```
58
During a wound assessment you would assess for
``` Wound dimensions size and depth Tunnelling and undermining Bad Texter and moisture Margins and surrounding skin Odor Pain ```
59
What are the different colors of wounds?
Red- good for healing yellow- film or unhealthy tissue that it's recently died from ischemia or infection requires the debridement Black- necrosis tissue= death eschar. slows healing encourages microorganisms
60
What is debridement
Requires a surgical laser or removal by scissors done by Dr.
61
What colors the skin should give you looking for on surrounding tissue
White waterlogged skin = maceration Redskin= information injury or infection Purple skin= trauma
62
Four types of wound drainage
Serous- watery clean thin Sanguineous - red with fresh blood, thin Seroanguineous- pink light red thin watery Purulent- creamy yellow green, white, tan thick pus like
63
What are the most common cleaning agents for wounds
Normal sailine- isotonic promotes moisture in wound bed, promotes granulation tissue Anti-septic solutions damaged tissue and delay healing (hydrogen peroxide)
64
What are hydrocolloids?
Type of wound dressing Should be changed every 2 to 7 days Helps with pain Do not use with copious drainage
65
What is an example of a hydrocolloid dressing
DuoDerm
66
What is an alginate dressing?
``` Seaweed derived Absorbs copious drainage May be Used on infected Wounds Turns into a gel as it absorbs drainage Holds 7 to 10 times their own weight in fluid ```
67
What is hydrogel
Type of dressing but should not be used with copious drainage Maintains moist wound bed used to debride comes the gel or flexible sheets
68
Example of the hydrogel
Curasol
69
What is a transparent film
Type addressing to protect fragile skin should be changed every 3 to 5 days a clear adherent not absorptive dressing Purethane dressing maintains moist environment
70
An example of a transparent film dressing
Tegaderm
71
What type of dressing uses negative air pressure to promote wound closure
Wound vac
72
What are the benefits of using a vac
Reduces bacteria conization promotes granulation increases circulation of the wound they should be used with wound with the depth greater than 1 cm
73
When documenting what should you document about it wound
``` What you took off dressing drainage what did you clean characteristics of the wound and patients reactions pictures or drawings should be done weekly dressing should be changed if no improvement in two weeks referred to one specialist or physician ```
74
What is pain
Penis objective chronic and acute pain is whatever the person says it is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience with actual or potential tissue damage
75
What does pain due
Increases metabolic rate, cardiovascular function, impairs insulin response, increases cortisol release , increases retention of fluids
76
What is oliophonbia?
In rational fear that appropriate use of the Opioid use will lead to patient becoming addicted resistant to educational and evidence-based interventions With contributing factors of historical, society believes the drugs are bad inadequate or in accurate training concerns but long-term tolerance questions regarding effective as with opioids in chronic pain
77
What causes pain and pain transmission
Nociceptors- free nerve endings located in the skin joints skeletal muscles Thasha tendons cornea respond to potential he damaging stimuli Prostaglandins a release to stimulate the pain impulses to the spinal cord Stimuli maybe chemical thermal or mechanical
78
What is acute pain
Usually is identifiable, known cause and lasts less than six months
79
Some symptoms of acute pain are
Increasing vital signs and pale
80
What is chronic pain
Pain lasting more than six months
81
Some symptoms of patients with chronic pain
Slack facial features flattened facial effect reduced activity level, social isolation
82
Stimulation of a neuroreceptors in calcaneous tissue maybe cause by mechanical thermal chemical reactions is the definition of
Superficial pain
83
Organ pain, diffuse, poorly localized difficult to diagnose maybe deep, aching, cramping or pressure may produce abdominal cramping, diarrhea and they may not reflect the system damaged his definition of..
Visceral pain
84
Structural pain is a localized often caused by trauma or Activity, in muscle and joints tendons fashion etc. maybe Sharptail achy often related to positioning or activity. Is the definition of
Somatic pain
85
Pain occurring a limb that is not there is a definition of
Phantom pain
86
Pain caused by damage to peripheral or central nervous system. burning or searing sensation often doesn't respond to narcotic pain treatment calcaneous treatment may be more effective is the definition of
Neuropathic pain
87
Pain coming from one area but felt and another is the definition of this pain
Referred pain
88
What are some factors that influence pain
``` Mood fear and stress anger fatigue expectations culture past experience anxiety and depression learning response age gender ```
89
When assessing pain you should assess for
``` Intensity timing onset duration location quality personal meaning aggravating or alleviating factors ```
90
What are the descriptive words when describing pain
``` Agony pulling aching pressure burning stabbing ```
91
What machine is described as a machine that consists of small remote control connections at four pads which will be attached to the skin when turned on it sends electrical pulses through the skin intensity of the post is adjustable?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
92
People's behaviour in three dimensions
Between individuals, there environments and there relationships
93
What are the four primary influences that shape an individual's self efficacy beliefs?
``` Mastery Vicarious experience Verbal persuasion Social influences And physiological affective states ```
94
What are some examples non-opioids?
Aspirin and ibuprofen
95
When are opioids used?
Moderate to severe pain

Nursing Science 2 (2 decks)

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